Biology Midterm Part 1

The diagram below illustrates the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and two important biological processes. Which process is represented by #2 in the diagram?

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• protein synthesis

• transpiration

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Refer to the diagram above. What is the relationship between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• ATP is produced during cellular respiration, which is then used during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

• Carbon dioxide and glucose are produced during cellular respiration and are used during photosynthesis to harness energy from the Sun.

• Glucose is used during photosynthesis to produce ATP, which is then used during cellular respiration to create proteins.

• Oxygen and glucose are produced during photosynthesis and produce ATP during cellular respiration to perform vital cellular functions.

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After examining a sample of an onion and a human cheek swab with a microscope, a scientist determines they both contain cells with specialized organelles. What part of the cell theory is supported by her observations?

• All cells arise from preexisting cells.

• All matter are made of one or more cells.

• Plants and animals are made of cells.

• The cell is the basic functional unit of all living things.

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What is the function of the cell structure illustrated here?

• It controls cell reproduction.

• It controls passage of molecules.

• It performs cellular respiration.

• It performs protein synthesis.

According to the cell theory, what is the source of all cells?

• Atoms

• DNA molecules

• Other cells

• Viruses

Anna is preparing a presentation comparing the structures and evolutionary history of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What significant information should Anna include in her presentation?

• Eukaryotes are more complex and contain mitochondria.

• Eukaryotes are more simple and do not contain mitochondria.

• Prokaryotes are more complex and do not contain mitochondria.

• Prokaryotes are more simple and contain mitochondria.

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The diagrams show the structure of plant and animal cells as seen through a microscope. Compare the general structures of these cells.

• The animal cells have a cell membrane, while the plant cells do not.

• The animal cells have large vacuoles, while the plant cells do not.

• The plant cells have a cell wall, while the animal cells do not.

• The plant cells have a nucleus, while the animal cells do not.

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The table shows the characteristics of four cells that students are comparing under a microscope. Which cell in the table is a eukaryotic plant cell?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

• They have a very simple structure that can be manufactured in other cells.

• They contain many different organelles that carry out various reactions.

• They are surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane.

• Their genetic material is more accessible because it is not inside a nucleus.

In science, a theory is an explanation for some phenomenon based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning. One important theory in Biology is the cell theory. What kinds of observations led to the development of the cell theory?

• discoveries of fossil bacteria

• isolations of DNA and RNA

• microscopic views of plants and animals

• testing for AIDS virus