Protein Synthesis STAAR Review

Unicellular organisms carry out all the necessary life processes in one cell. In multicellular organisms, each cell is specialized to perform a specific function. How do the cells in multicellular organisms become specialized?

• A single nucleus coordinates the function performed by each cell.
• Cells develop specific functions through the expression of different genes as they mature.
• The brain communicates the function required for each cell.
• Each cell carries a unique set of genes.

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Which statement best describes the given diagram?

• The DNA in fertilized eggs are different than that of cells of organs.

• Heart, brain, and lung cells are the only types of cells fertilized eggs produce.

• Cells in fertilized eggs are directed by DNA to become many types of cells.

• Only the fertilized egg contains DNA and the tissue cells do not.

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What is the purpose of Strand A?

• to act as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA

• to carry the code from the DNA molecule in the nucleus to the ribosome

• picks up and transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome

• picks up and transfers nucleic acids to the nucleus

What mRNA sequence will best match the section of DNA shown?

• C-T-A-G-G-C

• C-U-A-G-G-A

• A-G-C-U-U-C

• T-C-G-A-A-G

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The photograph above is an Amoeba. The structure where transcription of mRNA takes place is labeled-

• Q

• R

• S

• T

What is the main purpose of the structure labeled D in the diagram above?

• Bring the amino acid to the ribosome

• Assemble the amino acids into a protein

• Copy the DNA strand

• Edit the mRNA strand

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The diagram above represents a biochemical process that occurs in a cell. The purpose of this process is to synthesize -

• deoxyribonucleic acid

• protein

• messenger RNA

• carbohydrate

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Use the mRNA codon chart to identify Amino Acid 1 in the given picture.

• Isoleucine

• Tyrosine

• Methionine

• Serine

In many humans, exposing the skin to sunlight over prolonged periods of time results in the production of more pigment by the skin cells (tanning). This change in skin color provides evidence that -

• the inheritance of skin color is an acquired characteristic.
• albinism is a recessive characteristic.
• ultraviolet light can cause mutations.
• the environment can influence gene action.

A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of

• an inherited disorder.
• environmental influence on gene expression and regulation.
• expression of a hidden trait.
• a characteristic controlled by more than one pair of genes.

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