Ecology USA #10 Review

Fossils fuels are an important part of modern society. Which statement best explains how air pollution from fossil fuels affects a marine environment?

• A. Air pollution increases oxygen levels in the atmosphere, causing no change in a marine environment.

• B. Burning fossils fuels accumulates pollutants in the atmosphere, causing smog in a marine environment.

• C. Burning fossil fuels accumulates pollutants in the atmosphere, impacting the pH of a marine ecosystem.

• D. Air pollution increases oxygen levels in the atmosphere, causing a change in temperature of a marine ecosystem.

What is the primary benefit of using wind power and solar energy, rather than coal and natural gas?

• A. Wind power and solar energy are cost efficient, while coal and natural gas are very expensive.

• B. Wind power and solar energy are renewable energy sources while coal and natural gas are non-renewable.

• C. Wind power and solar energy may cause atmospheric pollution, while coal and natural gas are environmentally safe.

• D. Wind power and solar energy generate large amounts of electricity, while coal and natural gas are extremely efficient

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When comparing and contrasting nonrenewable and renewable energy sources, which of the following statements is true?

• A. Most nonrenewable resources are not easily transported and cost more to produce, while renewable resources are cleaner burning and do not contribute to global warming.

• B. Most nonrenewable resources are easily transported and are naturally available, while renewable resources have a higher upfront cost and are not environmentally friendly.

• C. Most nonrenewable resources contribute to global warming and produce harmful gases, while renewable resources are environmentally friendly and have high maintenance cost.

• D. Most nonrenewable resources have a higher cost to the consumer and are limited in availability, while renewable resources produce more greenhouse gases and can be replenished.

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The National Park Service protects habitats such as the Florida Everglades. Which explanation states the importance of conserving habitats?

• A. Habitat conservation protects biodiversity in the region.

• B. Habitat conservation encourages the use of limited resources.

• C. Habitat conservation prevents the introduction of nonnative species.

• D. Habitat conservation contributes to reducing the gene pool in native species.

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A city manager notices runoff from a local sewage treatment plant. Which of the following best describes what the city manager should do?

• A. The city manager should collect data on the runoff and send it to the community.

• B. The city manager should collect data on the runoff and send it to the local newspaper.

• C. The city manager should monitor the runoff and assist in developing a pollution control policy.

• D. The city manager should monitor the runoff and develop a plan to close the sewage treatment plant.

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A housing developer purchases a large empty field. How would the development of a housing subdivision most likely affect the existing field ecosystem?

• A. Habitats may become fragmented.

• B. Biodiversity in the area would increase.

• C. Agricultural runoff may pollute local streams.

• D. Symbiosis between native species and invasive species would increase.

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Diatoms, like most phytoplankton, are much more abundant in the photic zone than in the aphotic zone. Which two factors found in the photic zone are the most essential for phytoplankton?

• A. sunlight and oxygen

• B. nutrients and oxygen

• C. sunlight and carbon dioxide

• D. nutrients and carbon dioxide

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Which type of plant life would be present in a climax community but would NOT be present in the early stages of succession?

• A. grasses

• B. shrubs

• C. trees

• D. wildflowers

Which change would increase competition among a population of deer in an ecosystem?

• A. increase in birth rate

• B. increase in death rate

• C. increase in emigration

• D. increase in carrying capacity

Forests are often cut down to clear land for agricultural uses. How would clearing a forest for farmland most likely affect the local forest ecosystem?

• A. Rates of disease would decrease, causing an increase in forest biodiversity.

• B. Habitat fragmentation would decrease, causing a decrease in forest biodiversity.

• C. Forest plant populations would decrease, causing a decrease in forest biodiversity.

• D. Habitat for forest animals would decrease, causing an increase in forest biodiversity.

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