Living Environment Regents: Evolution

Survival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent on

•  the population having an individual that is adapted to the original environment
•  the population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environment
•  variations in many different traits in many individuals in the population
•  no variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population

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The theory of evolution states that

•  species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species
•  different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species
•  species change over time, sometimes developing into new species
•  the environment of Earth is constant over time

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 Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be

• variations within a species
• extinction of the species
•  asexual reproduction
•  no change in the genes of an organism

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 Fossils provide evidence that

•  life on Earth millions of years ago was more complex than life is today
•  the changes that will occur in species in the future are easy to predict
• many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct
•  most species of organisms that lived long ago are exactly the same today

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Plant species X lives in a hot, dry environment. Slowly, over hundreds of years, the climate becomes wetter. Fungi attack species X and cause the population of species X to decrease. However, plant species X could survive if the plants

• try to mutate quickly and synthesize new proteins
• are watered often and fertilized with extra nutrients
• can adapt to the new conditions by mating with the fungus
• have a few members of the population that are fungus-resistant

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Many animals have developed courtship behaviors. Males will often dance, swim, or sing in a particular way to attract a female. Males who are more successful at the courtship behavior will have a greater chance of having more offspring. This behavior is a result of

•  natural selection
•  genetic engineering
•  asexual reproduction
•  gene manipulation

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A farmer wanted to rid his apple trees of a particular leaf-eating insect. He sprayed his trees with an insecticide that killed 98% of the insects. The survival of 2% of this population of insects is most likely due to

• genes obtained from another species
•  certain chemicals that stimulated overproduction
• variations that resulted from sexual reproduction
• their ability to produce food from the pesticide

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 Potato farmers in Ireland during the mid 1800s all grew the same type of potato. The potato plants were all produced as clones of one another. When a fungus infected the crop, all of the potatoes were destroyed. This occurred because these potato plants

• had little genetic variability
•  had increased biodiversity
• were the product of fertilization
• were the result of biotechnology

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The corn we eat today is larger and has more kernels than the corn people first grew thousands of years ago. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have occurred?

• mitosis
• succession
•  direct harvesting
•  selective breeding

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A mutation occurring in a human can be passed from parent to offspring when it occurs in a

• lung cell, due to exposure to a toxic gas
•  gamete formed in the ovary
•  body cell undergoing mitosis
•  heart cell with chromosome damage

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