Genetics

What does selecting and breading enable?

• humans to produce new genetic combinations in other organisms

• increase the number of enzymes

• growing organism asexually

• decreasing the amount of DNA

Before a cell divides, an exact copy of each chromosome is made by

• genetic engineering

• mutation

• replication

• recombination

A strand of DNA in a skin cell contains the bases: A-T-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A

After the cell is exposed to ultraviolet light, the strand contains the bases:

A-T-G-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A

Which statement describes the result of this exposure?

• A new base has been inserted

• A base has been deleted.

• One base has been substituted for another

• There have been no changes in the bases

Process X is most likely caused by

• the digestion of the amino acids that make up the proteins

• the synthesis of a protein with different simple sugars

• removal of the gene that codes for the production of the protein

• an internal factor in the body, such as temperature increase

Some animals that inherit genes for brown fur will grow white fur if the outside temperature falls below a certain level. This is an example of

• Genetic mutations

• How external environment can influence gene expression

• How certain fur-colored genes are only found in certain animals

• The removal of a gene

The process shown below is used to

• determine if a person has a genetic disease

• produce human growth hormone

• identify the father of a newborn

• produce a hormone to regulate blood sugar

Which one is an example of how new human traits develops and can be passed on to future generations

• a mutation in stomach cells

• mother consuming alcohol during pregnancy causing fetus to have a low birth weight

• During meiosis, a new combination of DNA subunits is formed.

• During mitosis, DNA does not divide correctly and the cells die

Which statement is an accurate description of genes?

• Proteins are made of genes and code for DNA.

• Genes are made of proteins that code for nitrogen bases

• DNA is made of carbohydrates that code for genes.

• Genes are made of DNA and code for proteins.

DNA replication occurs in preparation for

• mitosis, only

• meiosis, only

• both mitosis and meiosis

• neither mitosis nor meiosis

Which molecules are needed to cut and copy segments of DNA?

• reproductive hormones

• carbohydrates

• antibodies

• biological catalyst