APES Final Review

Which of the following is likely to increase biodiversity within a biome?

• Landscape fragmentation

• Introduction of an invasive species

• Immigration of humans

• Speciation

• A disease epidemic

In an acre of grassland, net primary productivity is best measured as

• carbon taken up by plants in sunlight plus carbon released by plants in the dark

• carbon taken up by plants in sunlight

• aboveground biomass of plants

• aboveground and belowground biomass of plants

• carbon taken up by plants in sunlight minus carbon released by plants in the dark

Ocean acidification represents a key component of the

• nitrogen cycle

• hydrologic cycle

• phosphorus cycle

• carbon cycle

• sulfur cycle

When does the South Pole experience 24 hours of sunlight per day?

• From the March equinox to the September equinox

• From the September equinox to the March equinox

• Only on the March and September equinoxes

• Only on the December and June solstices

• From the December solstice to the June solstice

Over long time periods, global climate change may change the ________ of a species.

I. realized niche

II. fundamental niche

III. extinction rate

• I only

• II only

• I and II

• I and III

• I, II and III

Which is NOT true regarding keystone species?

• Keystone species can be mutualists with other species.

• Keystone species are often rare individuals in a community.

• Keystone species are most likely to be commensalists.

• Keystone species can be highly lethal to several species in a community.

• Keystone species may interact with only a single other species

Which is most likely to be the replacement-level fertility for a developing nation in the third phase of demographic transition?

• 1.8

• 2.0

• 2.2

• 3.5

• 5

A population with an age distribution shaped like a pyramid

I. exhibits a stable population size.

II. is likely to exhibit high population momentum.

III. has a high crude birth rate.

• I only

• III only

• I and II

• I and III

• II and III

Which contributes to the physical weathering of rocks?

• Acid rain

• Burial in sediment

• Volcanic activity

• Growth of plant roots

• Deposition

Which is a positive externality that results from the construction of a hydroelectric dam?

• Construction of a fish ladder to help migrating fish pass the dam

• Millions of fish killed when they are sucked into the dam turbines

• Creation of valuable lake shoreline that promotes housing and tourism

• Loss of seasonal flooding leading to less sediment deposition along river banks

• Changes in the temperature profile of the river before and after the dam