19.1

Germanic people who settled the area known today as France

• Franks

• Anglo-Saxons

• Romans

• Norsemen

• Magyars

Frankish king who created an empire in France, Northern Spain, and most of Italy

• Otto I

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

A narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes

• Steep cliffs

• Steep slopes

• Fjord

• Firths

Norsemen ("north men) raiders, explorers, and settlers known for raiding along Europe's coasts.

• Vikings

• Packers

• Bears

• Lions

People who are sent by a religious organization to spread the faith

• Messengers

• Prophets

• Disciples

• Missionaries

Agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country

• Concordat

• Treaty

• Armistice

• Transaction

Pope who declared that only the pope had the power to appoint high-ranking church officials

• Francis

• John Paul II

• Benedict XII

• Gregory VII

to exclude a person from church membership

• Forced removal

• Excommunicate

• Expulsion

• Ejection

capital of Charlemagne's empire

• Aachen

• Paris

• Rome

• Berlin

German king the pope declared emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

• Otto I

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne