Chapter 10 What Is America's Struggle for Education Opportunity?

Since colonial times in this country, formal education of some kind has almost always been available to

• middle-class and upper-class white males.

• immigrants from various countries.

• immigrants from England.

• white males and females of any class.

How were “dame schools” organized?

• An unmarried woman would travel from village to village conducting lessons in reading, writing, and religion.

• ​Several women joined to form a cooperative school

  that taught reading, writing, and arithmetic.

• ​A housewife would teach children basic literacy

  and household skills in her home.

• Female teachers taught young women in a boarding school domestic arts, French, music, and art to prepare them for marriage.

During the colonial period, which type of formal education was most typical in New England?

• Secular public schools attended in large part by one ethnic type

• Individual tutors hired to work with one or two families in a home

• Private religious schools supported by tuition

• ​Public schools with a religious orientation

​Why did Massachusetts's colonists pass the Old Deluder Satan Act?

• ​They wanted to eradicate all signs of satanic

  influence from the colony.

• They wanted to ensure that religion would be taught in all schools so that children would not be tempted into doing the devil's work.

• ​They wanted to guarantee the religious education

  of non-Christians so they would convert to Puritanism.

• They wanted to ensure that all children would learn how to read and be able to understand the teachings of the Bible.

Which of the following were the predominant forms of elementary schooling in New England during the colonial period?

• Private venture schools, dame schools, and religious schools

• Private academies, individual tutors, and Quaker schools

• ​Latin schools, dame schools, and individual

  tutors

• Town schools, moving schools, and district schools

A child has been born to a Southern plantation family during colonial times. How would he most likely be educated?​

• At home with traveling scholars or local ministers

• Through a tax-supported community school

• Through a small local school run by the Anglican Church

• d.

  ​In a boarding school in a large Southern town

What is the best description of private venture schools?

• Schools formed so different ethnic groups could be instilled with American democratic values and learn reading, writing, and arithmetic

• ​Schools designed to provide an elementary

  education for children within the tenets of their faith

• ​Schools that prepared young men to enter commerce

  and trade

• Small, community-run and financed schools designed to teach reading, writing, vocational skills, and religion

What change did the Northwest Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 effect?

• ​The federal government required townships to hire

  a teacher for the children.

• ​The federal government taxed households to

  support and sustain public high schools within their district.

• ​The federal government required each township to

  set aside land for the maintenance of public schools.

• The federal government instituted public elementary/secondary schools and agricultural colleges on parcels of tax-supported public land.

Which of the following ideas was the basis for the establishment of common schools?​

• Equal educational access for upper-class men and women

• ​The need for a literate citizenry to maintain a

  democracy

• ​The need for strong instruction in religion and

  morals for U.S. youth

• The importance of vocational training for those

  who could not afford further schooling

One obstacle for establishing common schools was economic. Which of the following best exemplifies the economic argument against common schools?​

• The number of teachers needed for the establishment of common schools would cost too much for residents to support.

• There appeared to be no feasible, economically viable way to build and maintain the necessary school buildings.

• People should be held responsible for paying only for their own children's education, not for the children of others.

• ​Paying for instructional materials and teachers'

  salaries would unduly burden taxpayers.