Earth Structures

What is the main cause of earthquakes?

• large ocean waves called tsunamis

• movement of tectonic plates

• erosion of topsoil by rivers

• animals burrowing underground

The early hypothesis of ___ was based on observations that suggested continents were once join together, Later, the theory of ___ explained why large pieces of Earth's surface move around and how many of Earth's feathers form.

• plate tectonics; gravitational force

• gravitation force; continental drift

• plate tectonics; continental drift

• continental drift; plate tectonics

In the Earth's mantle, heat is transferred in large convection currents. Within these currents;

• cooler and hotter rock rise but do not sink

• hotter rock rises and hotter rock sinks

• hotter rock rises and cooler rock sinks

• hotter and cooler rock sink but do not rise

Which of the following statements is true?

• The Earth's lithosphere is made up of tectonic plates.

• The Earth's mantle is made up of continents.

• The Earth's mantle is made up of tectonic plates.

• The Earth's lithosphere is entirely made up of liquid magma.

Most of the energy in Earth's atmosphere, oceans and living systems comes from ______.

• the Sun

• magma

• Earth's core

• lightning

Layers of sand and other sediment that become sediment rock

• always contain the remains of both plants and animals.

• can contain the remains of animals but not plants.

• can contain the remains of plants, animals or both.

• can contain the remains of plants but not animals.

At divergent boundaries plates move apart, magma rises upward between them and erupts onto the ocean floor as lava. This lava cools quickly to form solid rock. Over time, these hardened lava flows build up on top of each other and are uplifted by tectonic forces to form mid ocean ridges.

Based on this information, what type of rock are mid-ocean ridges made up?

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

• eroded rock

• igneous rock

Which of the following lists Earth's compositional layers starting with Earth's center and ending with the outermost layer.

• mantle, crust, core

• crust, mantle, core

• crust, core, mantle

• core, mantle, crust.

Which shows the steps of the formation of sedimentary rock in the correct order.

• erosion---> weathering--> deposition --> compaction/cementation

• compaction/cementation --> erosion --> weathering --> deposition

• weathering --> erosion --> compaction/cementation --> deposition

• weathering --:> erosion --> deposition --> compaction/ cementation

How do volcanic mountains form?

• Lava, ash and other materials from volcanic eruptions gradually build up over time.

• Volcanic mountains form below the surface then rise above the surface during earthquakes.

• Running water deposits sediments that builds up to form the mountains over time.

• Tectonic forces squeeze rocks together as two continental plates collide.