6th Grade Unit 7 Test: Human Body Systems

It is important for conditions inside the body to be stable as the external environment changes. The endocrine system helps the body do this through feedback mechanisms. Which of the following describes a feedback mechanism of the endocrine system?

• an involuntary reaction that controls the way an organ works

• a way to remove waste in response to more food being digested

• a change in the amount of hormones that affect certain body cells

• an increase in electrical signals from the nerves to the brain

Pierre is studying the organs in the human digestive system. He looks at a diagram of the intestines, similar to the one that follows. Which of the following correctly describes the diagram?

• Structure A is the small intestine, and structure B connects the mouth to the stomach.

• Structure A is the small intestine, and structure B absorbs water from digested material.

• Structure A is the large intestine, and structure B absorbs nutrients from digested material.

• Structure A is the large intestine, and structure B produces bile and stores it temporarily.

In science class, Rupert learns about the different systems of the human body. What are three functions of the system shown above?

A

• support, protection, and movement

• gas exchange, digestion, and development

• waste removal, regulation, and stimuli response

• removal of pathogens, blood transportation, and movement

Organ systems work together to meet the needs of the human body. How is the skeletal system related to the nervous system?

• The skeleton protects the brain and spinal cord.

• The brain determines how the skeleton develops.

• The brain and spinal cord hold the skeleton together.

• The skeletal system works as a part of the nervous system.

Groups of organs in the body work together as organ systems. Each organ system has a special role in the body. Organ systems include the nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system. What is the role of the endocrine system in the body?

• It gets rid of wastes that the body produces.

• It uses electrical signals to control body functions.

• It uses chemical messages to control body functions.

• It gets rid of bacteria and viruses that invade the body.

Kim is studying certain blood vessels in the body. In these vessels, blood travels from the heart to the muscles in the upper arms. Which type of vessels is Kim studying?

• veins

• arteries

• capillaries

• lymph ducts

Muscles often work together to produce movement, as shown below. When the biceps contracts and gets shorter, what does the triceps do?

• It relaxes and gets longer.

• It relaxes and gets shorter.

• It contracts and gets longer.

• It contracts and gets shorter

The human muscular system can suffer injury or disease. Which of the following is an example of a genetic disease that affects the muscular system?

• tendinitis

• muscular dystrophy

• a muscle strain

• a muscle tear

The environment can affect a person’s health. Which of the following diseases would be most adversely affected by cigarette smoke?

• emphysema and Parkinson’s disease

• asthma and gonorrhea

• asthma and Parkinson’s disease

• emphysema and asthma

Anaerobic exercise is an intense activity that lasts a short period of time. This kind of exercise increases muscle power. Aerobic exercise is a moderate activity that lasts a longer period of time. This kind of exercise strengthens the heart. Which of the following is another difference between anaerobic and aerobic exercise?

• In anaerobic exercise, muscles do not use oxygen; in aerobic exercise, muscles use oxygen.

• In anaerobic exercise, muscles use hydrogen; in aerobic exercise, muscles use nitrogen.

• In anaerobic exercise, muscles use helium; in aerobic exercise, muscles use methane.

• In anaerobic exercise, muscles do not use oxygen; in aerobic exercise, muscles use carbon dioxide.