Learning

When Little Albert generalized his fear of the white rat that meant 

• he feared all furry things
• he distinguished between the bell and the gong
• he learned the association between the gong and the rat
• he suddenly feared rats after successful extinction

Pavlov found that meat powder placed on a dog's tongue will make the dog salivate. In Pavlov's terms, the meat powder is

• unconditioned stimulus
• unconditioned response
• conditioned stimulus
• conditioned response

Which form of learning would be studied in a Skinner box?

• classical conditioning
• operant conditioning
• observational learning
• latent learning

Kaleb developed a fear of snowstorms two winters ago when his car spun off the road and hit a tree during a blizzard. As the winter progressed, and he had no further accidents, Kaleb thought his fear of snowstorms had pretty well disappeared. To his surprise, this winter when the first heavy snow started to fall, he found his heart was pounding and he was trembling. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

• spontaneous recovery
• stimulus generalization
• disinhibition
• second-order conditioning

Lim noticed that whenever he moved his dog's food dish, his dog would come into the kitchen & act hungry & excited. He reasoned that because he feeds the dog using that dish, the sound of the dish had become a(n)

• UCS
• CS
• UCR
• CR

Learning can best be described as

• a relatively permanent change change in behavior 
• a permanent change in behavior 
• due primarily to unconscious motives 
• momentary changes that require biological changes from within 

which of the following statements is essential to classical conditioning?

• The CS and UCS must come close together in time
• The CS must immediately after the CR 
• The NS and UCR must be paired several times before conditioning takes place 
• The CS should be something highly unusual 

To a dog _______ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ______ is an example of a 2ndary reinforcer 

• a paycheck; money
• dog food; a frisbee
• dog food; dog treats 
• a gold start; candy 

Joe owned a small repair shop. Each day he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment for the work he had done for them. Some days, he would receive a cheque or two. at other times he would have to wait days before getting another payment. what schedule of reinforcement is here?

• fixed interval 
• fixed ratio 
• variable interval 
• variable ratio 

Ben gets paid every 2 weeks. in one 2-week period, he works a total of 20 hours. during another 2-week period, he worked a total of 50 hours. regardless of the total number of hours he works each week, he is paid every 2 weeks. what schedule is being used?

• fixed ratio 
• variable ratio 
• fixed interval 
• variable interval