APES Review-Game 5 Soil

Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins.

• Assimilation

• Nitrification

• Denitrification

• Nitrogen fixation

• Ammonification

The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas is

• denitrification

• eutrophication

• decomposition

• transpiration

• photosynthesis

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true?

• Genetic uniformity of a crop increases the crops overall resistance to pests and disease.

• Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.

• Genetic engineering technology is used to increase genetic diversity by creating new species with synthetic genes.

• Genetic diversity within populations of common crop species such as corn is typically high.

• Genetic diversity is usually high in endangered species.

Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?

• The application of higher levels of organic fertilizers to increase rice production

• Deforestation to provide field crops with increased sunlight for photosynthesis

• The addition of calorie, fat, and fiber percentages to the information provided on food package labels.

• The development of new strains of crops with higher yields

• The discovery that chlorophyll adds nutritional value to wheat, rice, and sorghum

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

• increased evaporation and transpiration

• decreased surface runoff

• loss of recharge area

• confinement of aquifers

• capping of artesian wells

At the current rate of growth, Earth’s human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size?

• Increasing the number of new crops from the great diversity of plant species

• Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

• Developing systems for making the global distribution of food more equitable

• Increasing the area of land that is currently dedicated to grain production by reducing the area dedicated to meat production

• Assisting developing countries in using highly efficient crop irrigation systems

Which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Which of the following is true of farm-raised salmon?

• They are more genetically diverse than their wild counterparts.

• They seldom escape from their containment areas.

• They have no impact on the quality of the water in which they are raised.

• They are often infected with parasites and sea lice.

• They are maintained at lower population densities than are wild salmon.

Which of the following best explains why more contaminants are leached when solid waste is crushed into small particles and put in contact with water than when the particles are large?

• Larger particles have greater density per unit weight.

• Water penetrates larger particles more easily than smaller particles.

• Internal pressure is greater in smaller particles than in larger particles.

• Smaller particles have a larger surface area per unit volume than larger particles.

• The contaminant concentration gradient between particle interior and surface is greater for smaller particles.

Waste from which ofthe following is an example of nonpoint source pollution?

• Overflow from a sewage treatment plant

• dumping at a food-processing plant

• drainage from an abandoned mine

• runoff from agricultural fields runoff from agricultural fields

• a) Outgassing from a municipal landfilll