The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles

All living organisms on earth are based on the element _____________.

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Carbon

• Helium

Carbon reservoirs include:

• oceans

• mountains and rocks

• living organisms

• the atmosphere

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If we start the carbon cycle where carbon is inside a plant, the next stage *could* be:

• an animal eats the plant.

• the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air.

• the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the soil.

• the plant dies and decomposes, releasing the carbon into the atmosphere and the soil.

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If we start the carbon cycle where the carbon is inside an animal, the next step would be:

• the animal eats a plant.

• the animal dies and decomposes, and the carbon is released into the atmosphere and the soil.

• the animal breathes in carbon dioxide.

• the animal gets carbon from in the soil.

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Burning down a forest to clear land for buildings increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by:

• removing the trees and plants, which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide being taken out of the air.

• releasing carbon into the atmosphere.

• creating a new carbon reservoir.

• releasing too much fertilizer into the environment.

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The nitrogen cycle is different than the carbon cycle because, unlike carbon, nitrogen:

• isn't found in breathable air.

• is found in living beings.

• isn't present in H2O.

• must go through a process in order to be used by living organisms.

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Nitrogen is important to living things because it is a monomer, or building block, for:

• sugars.

• carbohydrates.

• amino acids.

• lipids.

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The process that bacteria do that makes nitrogen usable by plants is called:

• nitrification.

• evaporation.

• denitrification.

• condensation.

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The products of nitrification are:

• carbon dioxide and water, and energy.

• nitrates and nitrites.

• oxygen and glucose.

Without nitrogen, the body couldn't:

• store fat.

• get energy for the cells.

• make protein.

• turn sunlight into stored energy.

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