Evolution Test Review (9)

The theory of evolution states that

•  species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species
•  different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species
•  species change over time, sometimes developing into new species
•  the environment of Earth is constant over time

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 Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be

• variations within a species
• extinction of the species
•  asexual reproduction
•  no change in the genes of an organism

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Natural selection is best described as

•  a change in an organism in response to a need of that organism
• a process of nearly constant improvement that leads to an organism that is nearly perfect
•  differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics
• ) inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of an organism

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A woman changes her hair color to red; however, her children will not inherit this red hair color because the woman does not have

• genes for red hair in her skin
•  genes for red hair in her sex cells
• proteins for red hair in the placenta
•  proteins for red hair in her egg cells

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 Fossils provide evidence that

•  life on Earth millions of years ago was more complex than life is today
•  the changes that will occur in species in the future are easy to predict
• many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct
•  most species of organisms that lived long ago are exactly the same today

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Many animals have developed courtship behaviors. Males will often dance, swim, or sing in a particular way to attract a female. Males who are more successful at the courtship behavior will have a greater chance of having more offspring. This behavior is a result of

•  natural selection
•  genetic engineering
•  asexual reproduction
•  gene manipulation

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 Which occurrence represents an example of evolution?

•  Exposure to radiation reduces the rate of mutation in leaf cells.
• A mutation in a liver cell causes a person to produce an enzyme that is less efficient.
• Cells in a zygote eventually change into bone cells or skin cells.
•  Some antibiotics are almost useless, because pathogens have developed a resistance to these antibiotics.

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 Potato farmers in Ireland during the mid 1800s all grew the same type of potato. The potato plants were all produced as clones of one another. When a fungus infected the crop, all of the potatoes were destroyed. This occurred because these potato plants

• had little genetic variability
•  had increased biodiversity
• were the product of fertilization
• were the result of biotechnology

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 Over time, data that support the successful evolution of a species would include observations that describe

• an increase in the genetic changes occurring in body cells
• a decrease in the genetic variety carried in sex cells
•  an increase in the proportion of offspring that have favorable characteristics
• a decrease in the proportion of the population that has beneficial traits

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Caffeine is a compound found in the seeds of many different plants, such as coffee beans, cola nuts, and cacao beans (the source of chocolate). The presence of this chemical in all three types of plants suggests that these plants

•  inherited identical mutations
•  share a common ancestry
• were exposed to the same type of radiation in the past
• were cloned from a caffeine plant

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