Unit 9: Revolutions and Enlightenment

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers most influence revolutions in France and the US?

• Explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery

• Challenging the belief in the divine right of kings

• Stressing the importance of military strength

• Examining other countries as models of self-government

What was a primary focus of the Enlightenment philosophers?

• Increasing faith by examining religious texts

• achieving wisdom through experiences with nature

• seeking progress through the expansion of human knowledge

• pursuing spiritual experiences through the revival of religious tradition

Adam Smith advocated laissez-faire, which implies

• Minimal governmental control

• Control by the working class

• Regulation by citizen commissions

• Business cooperating with government agencies

The heliocentric model of the universe was developed by which person?

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Francis Bacon

• Rene Descartes

John Locke influenced the American Revolution through his ideas about

• slavery

• socialism

• natural rights

• women's equality

Which factor contributed to both the American and French revolutions?

• Invasion by a foreign military power

• Resentment over differences among classes

• Lack of fair representation in government

• widespread poverty among the populations

Which figure from the French Revolution led the Committee of Public Safety to carry out the Reign of Terror?

• Napoleon Bonaparte

• Jean-Paul Marat

• Maximilien Robespierre

• Louis XVI

Who created the Scientific Method?

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Francis Bacon

A consequence of the radical stage of the French Revolution was the

• Storming of the Bastille

• Meeting of the Estates General

• Execution of the King

• Taking of the Tennis Court Oath

Which philosopher believed in checks and balances?

• Montesquieu

• Adam Smith

• Voltaire

• Rousseau