BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW 2017 TEST

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation. Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

• A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.

• A substitution occurs with the adenine base.

• A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.

• A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.

An estuary collects sediments from the ocean and rivers that feed into it. Sediments will swirl around and form a mudflat, where eel grass will then grow. This ecosystem will continue to change over time until it develops into a salt marsh that contains mangrove trees.

Which of the following is likely NOT involved in this ecological succession?

• The rotting remains of plants add to the fertility of the soil

• The soil becomes so fertile that eel grass is replaced by other plant species

• The roots from plants help stabilize the sediment, keeping it in place

• The concentration of salt becomes so high that all plant life is destroyed.

From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

• Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.

• Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.

Researchers studying populations of lizards from the genus Gallotia on the Canary Islands compared the protein b in different populations. The table shows the number of differences in the cytochrome b protein between different populations. Which conclusion about the relatedness of the lizards do these data support?

• G. atlantica and G. stehlini are the least closely related.

• G. simonyi and G. bravoana are the most closely related.

• G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti palmae are the most closely related.

• G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti galloti are the least closely related.

Simple leaves have a single leaf on a petiole, or stem, while compound leaves have more than one leaflet on a petiole. This unknown leaf can be identified using the dichotomous key.

Which tree does the unknown leaf come from?

• Ungnadia speciosa

• Sophora secundiflora

• Salix nigra

• Quercus laceyi

A student reads this advertisement for a product containing a plant micronutrient that can be added to soil. Based on this information, the student can conclude that boron is absorbed by plant roots from soil and then —

• transported to reproductive tissues by the plant’s shoot system

• stored in plant stems until the flowers are pollinated

• concentrated in the roots until the plant’s reproductive tissues mature

• transported by the phloem to the stomata in leaves, where it attracts pollinators

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

In Holstein cattle the allele for black hair (B) is dominant over the allele for red hair color (b), and the allele for polled (P), or lacking horns, is dominant over the allele for having horns (p).

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a BbPp x BbPp cross if these alleles sort independently?

• 16 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 0 red/horned

• 12 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 4 red/horned

• 4 black/polled : 4 black/horned : 4 red/polled : 4 red/horned

• 9 black/polled : 3 black/horned : 3 red/polled : 1 red/horned

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

25 People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• The nuclear membrane is ruptured

• Amino acids do not bond to tRNA

• A codon sequence is incorrect

• Transportation of mRNa does not occur

A student conducted an investigation to study phototropism in grasses. The only difference between the control group and the experimental group was light conditions. The control group was provided full light, while the experimental group was shaded on one side. The diagrams show the average heights and positions of blades of grass in the investigation. Which statement best explains why the grass tips of the experimental group bent toward the light?

• Water evaporated faster on the side of the plant having full light

• Light sensors in the grass tips stimulated a hormone in the shoot system

• The xylem in the root system absorbed more nutrients from the shaded side

• The side facing the light has a greater chance of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1