Primary succession occurs in an area that has:

• soil

• no soil

• some soil

• none of these

___ are the first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession.

• foundational organisms

• introductory organisms

• primary organisms

• pioneer species

What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?

• Glaciers recede and leave exposed rock

• Plants die from drought and decompose

• Land is bulldozed and soil remains

Which of the following is the correct order of ecological succession?

• grass - shrubs - lichens - trees

• lichens - shrubs - grasses - trees

• lichens - grasses - shrubs - trees

• grasses - lichens - shrubs - trees

What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

• Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil

• Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage

• Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community

• Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil

What is an example of a disturbance that could bring about secondary succession?

• Humans cut down many trees in a small region

• A volcanic eruption covers a village in lava.

Which is faster: Primary or Secondary Succession?

• Primary Succession

• Secondary Succession

• Both Take The Same Amount of Time

Which of the following is NOT a pioneer species?

• Shrubs

• Lichen

• Mosses

• Fungi

The Final stage of ecological succession is...

• Mature Tree Growth

• Climax Community

• Pioneer Community

Bare rock community must first undergo...

• Primary Succession

• Secondary Succession