Biology Keystone (all content)

Which statement describes one difference between mitosis and meiosis in animal cells?

• Mitosis produces sex cells, and meiosis produces diploid cells.
• Mitosis produces haploid cells, and meiosis produces somatic cells.
• Mitosis produces four daughter cells, and meiosis produces two diploid cells.
• Mitosis produces two daughter cells, and meiosis produces four daughter cells.

Which statement best describes the process by which the millions of body cells that form a housefly can all contain the same genetic information?

• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.
• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.
• Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.
• Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.

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The presence of a specific trait is genetically inherited. There are only two possible outcomes for this trait: an individual either inherits the trait or does not inherit the trait. Which statement best describes how parents influence this trait?

• Each parent contributes two genes for this trait.
• Each parent contributes one allele for this trait
• Each parent contributes two chromosomes for this trait.
• Each parent contributes one nitrogenous base for this trait.

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A section of DNA in a cell is altered. Which mutation is being illustrated in the DNA section above?

• deletion
• insertion
• duplication
• nondisjunction

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Which statement is true for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

• Both types of organisms transform energy from sunlight into chemical energy
• Both types of organisms assemble proteins through transcription and translation.
• Both types of organisms are made of cells, tissues, and organs that work together.
• Both types of organisms have DNA contained within a nucleus as genetic material.

A mutation occurred that caused a change in an mRNA sequence. The mRNA codon UAC was replaced by the codon UAA. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of the mutation?

• It will produce the same protein using a different set of codons.
• It will result in an incomplete protein that does not function properly.
• It will cause mRNA to attach a new amino acid chain during transcription.
• It will change the bonding pattern between the amino acids joining together.

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The graph represents the number of light brown and dark brown organisms living on the bottom of a clear, sandy lake 20 years ago. Over time, the lake bottom has become covered with dark sand and sediment. Which change has most likely occurred in the population?

• The number of light-brown individuals increased.
•  The number of dark-brown individuals increased.
• The number of light-brown and dark-brown individuals increased.
• The number of light-brown and dark-brown individuals became equal.

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The Isthmus of Panama is a narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. It forms a land bridge that links North and South America. The formation of this isthmus separated two bodies of water that had previously been connected. How did the formation of this land bridge most likely influence the development of distinct marine species on either side of the land bridge?

• by decreasing genetic drift
•  by causing a founder effect
• by increasing the rate of genetic mutation
•  by preventing related populations from interacting

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Which statement describes how a mutation would most likely affect a population?

• Genotypic variation will increase in the population.
• Genotypic variation will decrease in the population.
• The occurrence of a preexisting gene will increase in the population.
• The occurrence of a preexisting gene will decrease in the population.

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Strep throat is a common human illness often caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Which term best classifies the colonies of Streptococcus pyogenes in a person with strep throat?

•  a population
• an organelle
• a community
• an ecosystem