Earth Science Review

After weathering, erosion, and deposition break down solid rock into sediments, what processes must happen to form sandstone?

• precipitation and evaporation

• heat and pressure

• cooling and hardening

• compaction and cementation

Some students want to make a model to show the first step in the formation of coal. Which of the following materials should the students use for the model?

• metal minerals

• decaying plants

• atmospheric gases

• rocks

Which of the following processes is needed to form both fossil fuels and sedimentary rock?

• heat

• pressure

• wind

• rain

Which of the following is not a characteristic of sedimentary

rock?

• can contain fossils

• made of cemented sediments

• made from cooled lava

• deposited in strata

How was the wide U-shaped valley most likely formed?

• by a glacier

• by wind erosion

• by sediments being deposited at the mouth of a river

• by flash flooding

How is the formation of canyons and deltas similar?

• Both are formed by moving glaciers.

• Both are formed due to the deposition of sediments.

• Both are formed by wind erosion.

• Both are formed due to fast moving water.

What agent of erosion leads to the formation of sand dunes?

• wind

• water

• animals

• ice

A student hiking alongside a canyon notices the steep layers of rock. Which of the following most likely formed the canyon?

• Wind deposited sediments in layers on each side of the canyon.

• Massive glaciers weathered and eroded the canyon rock.

• A river weathered and eroded sediments from the canyon walls.

• Tsunamis broke down the rock.

In what type of rock are fossils most often found?

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

• igneous rock

• none of the above

The image shows rock layers

in a natural area.

Layer 2 contains many plant fossils. Layer 2 was most likely formed in which of the following environments?

• Ocean

• Tundra

• Forest

• Desert