Review #1 Enlightenment, French, and Latin American Revolutions

The American Revolution and French Revolution were similar in that both

• were encouraged by Enlightenment ideas 
• sought to limit the power of the people 
• supported the theory of divine right of kings
•  increased the influence of religious institutions 

This philosopher separated the government into three branches of government and argued for separation of powers.

• Montesquieu
• Locke
• Hobbes
• Rousseau

Enlightenment thinkers contributed to changes in relationships between citizens and governments through their belief that

• Governments are instituted to protect citizens’ rights (social contract theory)
• most changes in government are dangerous
• absolute monarchy is the best form of government
• not every man is created equal

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen includes several Enlightenment ideas. Which of the following is not one of the Enlightenment ideas incorporated into the document?

• People are incapable of ruling themselves 
• Citizens should have a voice in government 
• Government should be limited
• All citizens possess basic human rights

Who makes up the Third Estate? 

• bourgeoisie, artisans, peasants
• nobility
• clergy

Why did members of the Third Estate take revolutionary action? 

• had no rights or voice in government, paid more taxes than the other two estates
• disagreed with the ideas in the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
• believed a king should rule the people
• were suspicious of Enlightenment ideas

John Locke believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed to protect their natural rights. If the government failed to do this, then the people had the right to

• overthrow the government
• continue to be persecuted
• move to the another country
• refuse to vote in the next election

Which of the following is not an idea from the Enlightenment?

• Kings rule through divine right.
• People have natural rights.
• People have the freedom of speech and religion.
• Government should serve the people.

The philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property was

• Locke
• Hobbes
• Montesquieu
• Rousseau

This was the period under Maximilian Robespierre when revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute enemies of the French Revolution.

• Reign of Terror
• The Directory
• The Enlightenment
• The National Assembly