20.2 Evolutionary Patterns and Processes

*What patterns describe the sequential nature of groups in the fossil record?

• Macroevolutionary patterns: The emergence, growth, and extinction of larger clades. Ex. as dinosaurs, mammals, or flowering plants

• Gradualism- slow change over time. Ex. Snakes slowly evolved from reptiles with shorter and shorter legs

• Punctuated Equilibrium: periods of rapid change followed by long periods of little to no change. Ex: Sudden color changes in animals

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Major transformations in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology, and behavior

• Macroevolutionary Patterns

• Evolutionary patterns

• Coevolution Patterns

• Adaptive Patterns

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When species go extinct when they fail to adapt to changing conditions (business as usual).

HINT: Less severe type of extinction

• Macroevolutionary Extinction

• Background Extinction

• Mass Extinction

• Adaptive Extinction

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Every few hundred million years, something dramatic happens that affects species on a global scale resulting in a loss of many species quickly

• Macroevolutionary Extinction

• Background Extinction

• Mass Extinction

• Adaptive Extinction

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*What does the fossil record show about periods of stasis and rapid change?

• Fossil record supports the hypothesis that evolution can occur at different rates in different clades, at different times

• Fossil record supports rapid evolution can occur after a small population becomes isolated from the main population

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Biologists have considered two patterns for the rate of evolution:

• Gradualism and Punctuated gradualism

• Gradualism and Spontaneous gradualism

• Evolution and Spontaneous evolution

• Evolution and Punctuated evolution

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Slow change over time

HINT: Snakes slowly evolved from reptiles with shorter and shorter legs

• Gradualism

• Punctuated Gradualism

• Adaptive radiation

• Convergent Evolution

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Periods of rapid change followed by long periods of little to no change

HINT: Sudden color changes in animals

• Gradualism

• Punctuated Gradualism

• Adaptive radiation

• Convergent Evolution

*What are two patterns of macroevolution?

• Adaptive radiation (Divergent Evolution)

• Convergent Evolution

• Macroevolution

• microevolution

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Descendants of an ancestral species may diversify overtime into related species adapted to different niches

• Adaptive radiation (Divergent Evolution)

• Convergent Evolution

• Macroevolution

• microevolution

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