Quiz about NC Biology EOC Review

Question 1

A bird watcher records the movement of migrating birds. In which part of the scientific process is the bird-watcher participating?

Accepted Answer

observing

Answer

controlling variables

Answer

experimenting

Answer

hypothesizing

Question 2

Which deals with the transmission of inherited traits from one generation to another?

Accepted Answer

genetics

Answer

anatomy

Answer

ecology

Answer

forensics

Question 3

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

It will be unable to carry out respiration

Answer

It will lose water through osmosis

Answer

It will break down the ribosomes in the cell

Answer

It will be unable to photosynthesize.

Question 4

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

Accepted Answer

differentiation

Answer

natural selection

Answer

selective breeding

Answer

genetic engineering

Question 5

During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation?

Accepted Answer

homeostasis

Answer

excretion

Answer

metabolism

Answer

synthesis

Question 6

Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?

Accepted Answer

The DNA replicates

Answer

The cytoplasm separates

Answer

The sister chromatids separate

Answer

The homologous chromosomes cross over

Question 7

What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose

Answer

to use oxygen to produce glucose

Answer

to take in excess water

Answer

to feed on herbivores

Question 8

Two different populations of birds live in the same area and eat the same types of food. Which most likely describes the relationship between these two populations of birds?

Accepted Answer

competition

Answer

mutualism

Answer

parasitism

Answer

predator-prey

Question 9

What will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates?

Accepted Answer

There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations.

Answer

There will be an increase in nitrogen levels in the atmosphere.

Answer

There will be a decrease in water pollution.

Answer

There will be an increase in the number of strong hurricanes.

Question 10

A sea turtle has washed up on a remote section of a beach. This is known as "stranding". Stranding occurs when a dead, sick, or injured sea turtle washes up on the shoreline. Which statement best explains why "stranding" should be reported immediately to local authorities?

Accepted Answer

The information can be very useful to biologists and managers who are trying to protect the species.

Answer

The information can be very useful to protect sea turtles from predators.

Answer

The information can be very useful to local fishermen who try to catch fish that sea turtles eat.

Answer

The information can be very useful to tourists who may want to keep sea turtles as pets.

Question 11

A strand of DNA has these bases:

AGC CAT GTA TAC

What is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

TCG GTA CAT ATG

Answer

ACG GAT CTA TAG

Answer

TGC CTA GAT ATC

Answer

UCG CUA CAU AUG

Question 12

Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.

Answer

Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA.

Answer

Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced.

Answer

DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function.

Question 13

Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

Answer

It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple chromosome number of the organism.

Answer

It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism

Answer

It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

Question 14

Which process produces the most variation within a species?

Accepted Answer

sexual reproduction

Answer

asexual reproduction

Answer

mitosis

Answer

cloning

Question 15

Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

gene cloning

Answer

gene therapy

Answer

karyotyping

Question 16

Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms?

Accepted Answer

to treat certain types of disease

Answer

to create new species of organisms

Answer

to control microorganisms in the soil

Answer

to prevent habitats from being destroyed

Question 17

The use of pesticides on crops has been a common farming practice for decades. What has been the greatest effect of natural selection through the use of pesticides on certain insect populations?

Accepted Answer

The rate of selection is increased because the pesticides do not kill the insects that are naturally resistant to it.

Answer

Natural selection has been altered because the insects and their predators are killed.

Answer

The rate of selection has decreased because the pesticides kill only young insects.

Answer

The pesticides have altered natural selection by causing the insect DNA to spontaneously mutate.

Question 18

What is the difference between the full classification of organisms and their scientific names?

Accepted Answer

The full classification of organisms will include more categories of organisms than their scientific names.

Answer

The full classification of organisms and their scientific names vary in different countries.

Answer

The scientific names of organisms include the order and family of the organisms, but the full classification includes only the species name.

Answer

The scientific names of organisms include a single nomenclature, but the full classification includes various nomenclatures.

Question 19

What type of organism molecules are enzymes?

Accepted Answer

proteins

Answer

carbohydrates

Answer

lipids

Answer

nucleic acids

Question 20

What are the subunits of DNA and their function?

Accepted Answer

nucleotides that store information

Answer

monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell

Answer

lipids that store energy and provide insulation

Answer

proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components of organisms.

Question 21

How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

aerobic respiration results in more energy

Answer

aerobic respiration results in less energy

Answer

Each process results in equal amounts of energy

Answer

each process results in variable amounts of energy

Question 22

This diagram shows a plant cell. Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Question 23

Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells.

Answer

A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells.

Answer

Muscle cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells.

Answer

Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart.

Question 24

A freshwater plant is placed in a container of salt water. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink because water will move out of them.

Answer

They will swell because water will move into them.

Answer

They will swell because salt will move into them.

Answer

They will shrink because salt will move out of them.

Question 25

During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?

Accepted Answer

interphase

Answer

cytokinesis

Answer

anaphase

Answer

prophase

Question 26

The males of a bird species do a "dance" and "sing a song" each spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors?

Accepted Answer

to attract female birds

Answer

to scare off young birds

Answer

to imprint young birds

Answer

to clean their feathers

Question 27

The yucca plant releases a strong scent at night when the yucca moth is active. The yucca moth, attracted by the scent, gathers pollen from the yucca flower. The yucca moth then deposits her eggs and the pollen on another plant. This ensures that the plant will be cross-pollinated and that the yucca moth larvae have a steady food supply. Which relationship does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

mutualism

Answer

commensalism

Answer

parasitism

Answer

predation

Question 28

Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

global climate change

Answer

pollution of ocean waters

Answer

ozone layer destruction

Answer

decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Question 29

The construction of a new coal-burning power plant would have the greatest impact on which environmental issue?

Accepted Answer

production of acid rain

Answer

depletion of the ozone

Answer

release of radiation

Answer

increase in deforestation

Question 30

A segment of DNA has the sequence:

ATA GCA CAT GTA

What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this segment?

Accepted Answer

UAU CGU GUA CAU

Answer

TAT CGT GTA CAT

Answer

TAT GCT CTA GAT

Answer

UAU GCU CUA CAU

Question 31

This chart shows which amino acids are coded for by different combinations of mRNA nucleotides.

Which amino acids are coded for by the mRNA segment that reads CAG GUG?

Accepted Answer

glutamine and valine

Answer

arginine and valine

Answer

isoleucine and arginine

Answer

valine and isoleucine

Question 32

The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked, recessive trait. Which would most likely result if a short winged female mates with a long winged male?

Accepted Answer

all females will be long winged, and all males will be short winged

Answer

all offspring will be short winged

Answer

All females will be short winged and all males will be long winged

Answer

half of the males and females will be short winged and half will be long winged.

Question 33

This diagram shows the DNA fingerprints of a baby and four couples.

A hospital wants to identify the parents of a baby. Based on the DNA fingerprints which couple is most likely the parents of the baby?

Accepted Answer

Couple X

Answer

Couple W

Answer

Couple Z

Answer

Couple Y

Question 34

Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid

Answer

a plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell.

Answer

a chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA

Answer

A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell

Question 35

Which would most likely produce a mutation that is passed on to offspring?

Accepted Answer

a gamete with an extra chromosome forming

Answer

radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells

Answer

tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells

Answer

exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function

Question 36

A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. A few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. What can best be inferred from this example?

Accepted Answer

individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.

Answer

a species will adapt no matter what the environment.

Answer

the environment has no effect on the survival of an organism

Answer

insecticides cause mutation that are passed on to the next generation

Question 37

This diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities

Which two species are the most closely related?

Accepted Answer

V and VI

Answer

I and II

Answer

II and IV

Answer

I and V

Question 38

Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation?

Accepted Answer

fat

Answer

DNA

Answer

glucose

Answer

starch

Question 39

Which most directly controls the rate at which food is broken down to release energy?

Accepted Answer

enzymes

Answer

hormones

Answer

nucleic acids

Answer

vitamins

Question 40

If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

active transport

Answer

passive transport

Answer

osmosis

Answer

diffusion

Question 41

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?

Accepted Answer

both contain ribosomes

Answer

both contain a nucleus

Answer

both contain membrane-bound organelles

Answer

both contain cell walls

Question 42

How does DNA code for proteins in a cell?

Accepted Answer

by arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order

Answer

by creating a new double helix structure

Answer

by using its phosphate and sugar molecules

Answer

by adding more hydrogen bonds to its structure

Question 43

What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis?

Accepted Answer

two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

Answer

two cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell

Answer

four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell

Answer

four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

Question 44

These diagrams represent a Euglena and a Paramecium.

What function do structures X and Y have in common?

Accepted Answer

movement

Answer

digestion

Answer

gathering food

Answer

reproduction

Question 45

At night, moths travel toward light. Which type of behavior does this describe?

Accepted Answer

innate behavior

Answer

habituation

Answer

imprinting

Answer

learned behavior

Question 46

A field ecologist wants to determine the interactions of various populations of organisms living in a large grassland field. Which method is best for conducting this study?

Accepted Answer

observing the behaviors of different types of organisms several times during the year.

Answer

consulting with local farmers about the diversity of organisms in the field.

Answer

dividing the field in half, walking over it counting organims, and then doubling the numbers.

Answer

walking over the entire field collecting the organisms and then compiling a total

Question 47

Which environmental factor would cause the greatest decrease in the number of species of plants and animals living in some of the lakes in the United States?

Accepted Answer

acid rain

Answer

increase in dissolved oxygen levels

Answer

global warming

Answer

ozone destruction

Question 48

If worldwide deforestation is not regulated, what could most likely result?

Accepted Answer

CO₂ levels in the atmosphere could increase and contribute to global warming problems.

Answer

Acid rain could lower the pH of rivers and lakes to dangerous levels for aquatic life.

Answer

Plants and animals could become better adapted to living in desert conditions

Answer

Future generations of humans could have an excess of wood and paper products.

Question 49

How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells.

Answer

It would increase cell specialization in organs.

Answer

It would produce new nucleotides for DNA molecules

Answer

It would cause an increase in red blood cell production

Question 50

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents.

Answer

Sexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but asexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents.

Answer

Sexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but asexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms.

Answer

Asexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but sexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms.

Question 51

Which characteristic is present in offspring produced by sexual reproduction, but is missing in offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

an independent assortment of parent chromosomes

Answer

an identical copy of parent chromosomes

Answer

twice the number of parent chromosomes

Answer

only half the number of parent chromosomes

Question 52

Two people believe they are related. Which would be the best technique to determine if they are related?

Accepted Answer

comparing DNA

Answer

testing blood types

Answer

examining karyotypes

Answer

testing for genetic disorders

Question 53

Which will most likely cause variations to occur within a species?

Accepted Answer

mutation

Answer

competition

Answer

mutualism

Answer

predation

Question 54

In which populations does genetic drift most often occur?

Accepted Answer

in small populations

Answer

in large populations

Answer

in marine populations

Answer

in terrestrial populations

Question 55

What is the best explanation for the continual changes in the classification system of organisms?

Accepted Answer

technological advances have allowed scientists to better compare organisms

Answer

all organisms struggle for existence and become extinct

Answer

all organisms compete to be at the top of the food chain

Answer

more species have been discovered, but scientists have not analyzed all the data

Question 56

The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree for animals.

Which two groups of organisms have the most genetic differences?

Accepted Answer

mollusks and arthropods

Answer

rotifers and nematodes

Answer

mollusks and annelids

Answer

echinoderms and chordates

Question 57

Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein?

Accepted Answer

the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell

Answer

the cell in which the protein is located

Answer

the amount of ATP available for the cell's use

Answer

the area in a cell where proteins are produced

Question 58

Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respriation?

Accepted Answer

Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

Answer

More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respriation

Answer

More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respriation

Answer

Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration

Question 59

Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane

Answer

substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane

Answer

substances are moving from high to low concentration

Answer

substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane

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