Which erosional force produces avalanches and landslides?  哪個侵蝕力單獨產生雪崩和山體滑坡？

• gravity
• running water
• wind
• ocean waves

Based on the photograph, which erosional agent had the greatest effect on the structures that humans have built on this landscape?  基於這張照片，哪個侵蝕劑對人類在這個景觀上建造的結構影響最大？

• wind
• gravity
• glaciers
• river

Which list best identifies the agent of erosion that primarily determined the shape of each valley? 哪一個序列最能指出主要決定了這兩個山谷各別形狀的侵蝕營力？

• photog A—glacier 冰川; photo B—river
• photo A—river; photo B—glacier
• photo A—gravity 重力; photo B—wind
• photo A—wind; photo B—gravity 重力

Which agent of erosion most likely formed the drumlins and finger lakes in New York State? 紐約州的鼓丘和指狀湖最可能是由哪種侵蝕營力所形成？

• running water 流動的水
• moving ice 移動的冰
• wave action 波浪活動
• mass movement物質移動

The natural sandblasting (abrasion) of surface bedrock in a desert region is the result of 沙漠地區地表底岩的自然噴砂（磨損）是什 麼造成的結果

• wind erosion 風蝕
• wave erosion 海浪侵蝕
• mass movement 物質移動
• chemical precipitation 化學沉澱

The photograph shows scratched and grooved bedrock. 照片顯示划痕和開槽的基岩。The scratches and grooves were most likely created when 什麼原因最有可能形成這些刮痕和溝槽

• alternating thawing and freezing of water cracked the bedrock 水的交替凍融使底岩裂開
• flooding from a nearby lake covered the bedrock 附近的湖水氾濫覆蓋底岩
• a glacier dragged rocks over the bedrock 冰川挾帶岩石拖過底岩
• rocks from a landslide slid along the bedrock 塌方的岩石沿著底岩滑過

Which cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area? 哪一個截面圖最能代表急流侵蝕山區的底岩 而形成的河谷形狀？

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Which diagram represents a side view of a sand dune most commonly formed as a result of the prevailing wind direction shown? 哪張示意圖表示最常由圖中所示盛行風向所形成的沙丘的側視圖？

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

 satellite photograph below shows the Mississippi River entering into the Gulf of Mexico. Arrows show the direction of river flow. This depositional feature in the Gulf of Mexico is best identified as 下面的衛星照片顯示密西西比河流進墨西哥灣。 箭頭顯示河流的流向。墨西哥灣的沉積特徵最準確的名稱是

• a delta 三角洲
• a sandbar 河壩
• a barrier island 屏障式島嶼
• an outwash plain 沉積平原

Rock fragments that are tumbled and carried over long distances by this stream are most likely becoming 岩石碎片在河流中翻滾並被長距離傳送

• less dense, smaller and harder 密度小，體積小，難度大
• more dense, angular & smaller 更密集，角度更小
• jagged and larger 鋸齒和更大
• more rounded, smoother, smaller 更圓滑，更平滑，更小