Chapter 18: Ecology

The diagram below shows a carbon cycle in a habitat.

Which numbered arrows show where respiration takes place?

• 1, 2, 3 and 4

• 1, 2 and 3 only

• 1 and 4 only

• 2 and 3 only

The diagram shows a food web in woodland.

In this food web, a beetle is

• a carnivore.

• a decomposer.

• a herbivore.

• a producer.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

The diagram below shows a pyramid of biomass.

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the formation of the pyramid?

• Some of the materials are lost when passing from one trophic level to another.

• Not all materials in one trophic level are available to the next level.

• The body sizes increase when going up the food chain.

• The growth rates decrease when going up the food chain.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The diagram represents a pyramid of biomass within an ecosystem.

Which of the following options shows the direction of energy flow through the pyramid?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In a food chain, through which organisms does the least amount of energy flow?

• Carnivores

• Decomposers

• Herbivores

• Producers

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The organism Leptomonas is a parasite of fleas. One flea may contain several thousand Leptomonas. A food chain containing Leptomonas is given below.

Which diagram represents a pyramid of numbers for this food chain?

• 
• 
• 
• 

The diagram below shows how waste products are removed from a frog’s body.

Which of the following will not be recycled and returned to the environment?

• water

• urea

• heat

• carbon dioxide

What role do earthworms play in the carbon cycle?

• They break down complex carbon compounds from dead remains into simpler carbon compounds.

• They generate carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

• They break down carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds.

• They respire and hence, release carbon dioxide into the environment

Plants trap solar energy.

Which food chain passes on the largest proportion of this energy to humans?

• beans-humans

• corn-chicken-human

• plankton-fish-human

• seaweed-insects-fish-humans

What is the producer in the energy-flow diagram shown?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3