________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

• leadership

• management

• learning

• motivation

The ________ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort.

• direction

• persistence

• intensity

• knowledge

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.

• intelligence

• experience

• direction

• intensity

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

• psychological

• social

• esteem

• physiological

Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming?

• A) social

• B) self-actualization

• C) physiological

• D) esteem

According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________.

• A) need to be directed

• B) prefer to be controlled

• C) learn to accept responsibility

• D) need to be micromanaged

If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?

• A) She will empower her subordinates.

• B) She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters.

• C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.

• D) She will delegate authority extensively to junior managers.

The ________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.

• goal-setting

• self-determination

• cognitive evaluation

• two-factor

Which of the following is a motivational factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

• A) quality of supervision

• B) recognition

• C) pay

• D) relationships with others

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

• A) promotional opportunities

• B) quality of supervision

• C) achievement

• D) recognition