Chapter 4 Review

New technologies in the steel industry in the late 1800s increased productivity in the _____.

• textile industry.

• railroad industry.

• oil industry.

• electric industry.

The Homestead Strike was a protest _____.

• in Colorado demanding safer working conditions.

• in Chicago demanding an eight-hour workday.

• against the Pullman Palace Car Company’s unsafe working conditions.

• against the Carnegie Steel Company’s plan to cut jobs.

The invention of the airplane led to increased demand for _____.

• aluminum.

• lumber.

• coal.

• oil.

How did the labor force change during the Second Industrial Revolution?

• Machines eliminated (got rid of) the jobs of many skilled

  craftspeople.

• Industries began to hire highly educated workers.

• Workers began to receive more benefits and higher

  wages.

• Experienced workers replaced children who had been working in mills.

Andrew Carnegie dealt with striking union workers at his Pennsylvania steel factory in 1892 by _____.

• firing every worker and replacing them with machines.

• firing half the workers and cutting pay for the rest.

• locking workers out of the factory and hiring strike breakers.

• agreeing to give workers higher wages.

Of the following, which was an effect of the expansion of railroads across the United States?

• rapid growth of cities

• increase in steel prices

• decrease in interstate trade

• movement of city dwellers to the suburbs

Which of the following was an effect of factory specialization in the late 1800s?

• Workers repeated the same steps over and over again, becoming tired, bored, and more likely to be injured.

• Factories produced only a single product, putting owners at greater financial risk if that product failed.

• Unions signed contracts with specific factories, eliminating violent conflicts over wages and working hours.

• Managers paid more attention to working conditions, attracting workers and creating greater competition for jobs.

Collective bargaining is the _____.

• practice used by employers to hire groups of laborers.

• practice used by employers to get the cheapest labor

  possible.

• idea that laborers working in groups are more productive

  in the workplace.

• idea that laborers acting together have greater success in negotiating with management.

How was the telegraph different from the telephone?

• The telegraph could work only in big cities.

• The telegraph was much more expensive than the telephone.

• The telegraph could carry only written messages.

• The telegraph could not send messages over long distances.

What does the cartoon show?

• Rockefeller’s fading control of the oil industry in America

• the U.S. government’s control of big business

• Rockefeller using money to control of the U.S. government

• the U.S. government’s failed attempt to regulate the steel industry