AP Psych Unit 1: History and Approaches

The first psychological laboratory was established by

• John Watson
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Sigmund Freud
• William James

Behaviorists dismissed the value of

• science.
  
• introspection.
• spaced practice.
• neuroscience.
  

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of

• thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
• behavior and mental processes.
• conscious and unconscious mental activity.
• observable responses to the environment.

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:

• rewards and punishments

• self-esteem and self-actualization

• biology and genetics

• internal conflict and unconscious desires

• sensation and perception

Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of

• evolution versus natural selection.
  
• continuous versus non-continuous.
• structuralism versus functionalism.
• nature versus nurture.

How do cognitive approaches to learning differ from traditional behaviorist explanations? 

• Cognitive psychologists focus on the changes in neural networks that result from learning. 
• Cognitive psychologists try to explain learning from an evolutionary perspective. 
• Cognitive psychologists believe that learning involves some sort of thinking. 
• Cognitive psychologists believe that researchers should only focus on observable behaviors. 

After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?

• Behaviorist 
• Evolutionary
• Cognitive
• Biological 

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

• biopsychosocial

• cognitive

• humanistic

• social-cultural

• pyschodynamic

The psychologist most likely to help an attorney make selections of jury members is a(n) ____ psychologist.

• counseling

• community

• educational

• forensic

Ms. Bown uses her knowledge of a person's cognitive processes to design computer programs that are easier to use. Ms. Bown is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

• human factors

• developmental

• educational

• biological