Normative Ethical Theories

What kind of utilitarianism is preference utilitarianism?

• hedonistic

• non-hedonistic

• materialistic

What does "utility" mean?

• Usefulness

• Happiness

• Satisfaction

For Mill, which is an example of a higher pleasure?

• Eating

• Playing a sport

• Painting

What is "partiality"?

• The state of people preferring one type of action over another.

• The state of people favouring others due to their close(er) relationships with those others.

• When people choose one pleasure over another, based upon its perceived utility.

What is meant by a "good will"?

• Wanting to work towards one's duty, and doing so.

• Acting in accordance with duty.

• Performing an act that accords with the categorical imperative.

What does the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative state?

• Treat others as ends in themselves

• Treat others as ends in themselves as well as means to ends.

• Treat others as ends in themselves at all times.

What is universalisability?

• When a maxim can be applied to everyone.

• When someone can justify the application of a maxim to themselves.

• When a maxim takes motives into account.

What is eudaimonia?

• The "final end", the summum bonum (greatest good) for a person.

• Fulfilling one's duty.

• When someone is utilising their skills.

What's practical wisdom?

• Acting in an appropriate way.

• Working out the right action through reasoning.

• When experience is brought to bear on situations, so that the right outcome results.

How should the Doctrine of the Mean be used?

• To act moderately at all times.

• To work out the easiest way though events as they present themselves.

• To take a moderate approach, appropriate to the event that presents itself.

• To assess the morality of actions retrospectively.