Traits and Genes (MS-LS3-2 LT 2, 3, & 4)

What is the difference between an inherited trait and an acquired trait?

• An acquired trait is determined before you are born, an inherited trait is not.

• An inherited trait is passed through sexual reproduction, while an acquired trait is not.

• An inherited trait can be changed during an organism’s lifetime, while an acquired trait cannot.

• An acquired trait is passed through sexual reproduction, while an inherited trait is passed through asexual reproduction.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Genes are _______________________________.

• Made up of chromosomes.

• Made up of proteins.

• Sections of DNA, that provide instructions for a specific trait.

• Sections of DNA, that provide instruction to make chromosomes.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Chromosomes come as _________________________________.

• pairs, one from each parent

• pairs, from only one parent

• as individual sections of DNA

• as individual sections from genes

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Where can DNA be found?

• In every cell in the body.

• Only in skin cells.

• Only in sex cells.

• Each cell contains DNA, but only the part that it needs.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

Offspring will be genetically different from their parents because

• of a sexual reproduction.

• their genetic information is identical to both parents.

• they only receive genetic information from one parent.

• they receive genetic information from both parents.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

In humans, when sperm or egg cells are formed, the DNA is rearranged in a way so that no sperm or egg cells are the same. During sexual reproduction, a random sperm cell fertilizes a random egg cell. What effect might this have on the traits of the offspring?

• The offspring would look identical to each other because they would inherit the traits from the same two parents.

• The offspring would look different from each other because they would acquire different traits from their environment.

• The offspring would look identical to each other because they would acquire the traits from the same environment.

• The offspring would look different from each other because they would inherit different traits from random sperm and egg cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Use the image of a chromosome found in fruit flies to answer the question. What are the two images pointing at location 13.0 referring to?

• Wing shape is a gene on the chromosome. The smooth and wrinkled wings are both alleles of that gene. A fruit fly would normally have one copy of this gene.

• Wing shape is a gene on the chromosome. The smooth and wrinkled wings are both alleles of that gene. A fruit fly would normally have two copies of this gene.

• Wing shape is an allele on the chromosome. The smooth and wrinkled wings are both genes of that allele. A fruit fly would normally have one copy of this allele.

• Wing shape is an allele on the chromosome. The smooth and wrinkled wings are both genes of that allele. A fruit fly would normally have two copies of this allele.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Use the image of a chromosome found in fruit flies to answer the question. A fruit fly is born with purple eyes (54.5). What would cause this to happen?

• In order for a fruit fly to show purple eyes, it would have to inherit two recessive alleles. One recessive allele must come from each parent.

• In order for a fruit fly to show purple eyes, it would have to inherit two recessive alleles. One recessive allele could come from each parent or two recessive alleles could come from one parent.

• In order for a fruit fly to show purple eyes, it would have to inherit two dominant alleles. One dominant allele must come from each parent.

• In order for a fruit fly to show purple eyes, it would have to inherit two dominant alleles. One dominant allele must come from each parent or two dominant alleles could come from one parent.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Use the images to answer the question. A person claims that a pea plant with smooth pod shapes, white seed coats, yellow pod colors, and side flower positions is born. Is this possible? Explain.

• No it is not possible. This is because if one gene is dominant, then all genes inherited must be dominant as well.

• No it is not possible. This is because if one gene is recessive, then all genes inherited must be recessive as well.

• Yes it is possible. This is because because each gene is inherited randomly and separately from each other. Living things can inherit different combinations of dominant and recessive genes.

• Yes it is possible. For example, if a pea plant inherited one gene for white seed coat that is dominant and one gene for white seed coat that is recessive, then it would have a fifty percent chance of being gray or white. In this case, the plant was born white.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

What genotype would a child have to have in order to be left handed?  R is dominant for right handed.

• rr
• Rr
• RR

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1