Orgaizational Structures

Make up the base level of the pyramid; produce an organization’s goods and services; generally do not manage or oversee the work of other employees

• Supervisors

• Middle Managers

• Top Management

• Operative Employees

Sets an organization’s goals and objectives; develops methods for achieving goals and objectives; is the head of the organization

• Supervisors

• Middle Managers

• Top Management

• Operative Employees

Arrange and group jobs based on specific tasks in order to enhance efficiency; increase the effectiveness of communication and reporting

• Informal Structures

• Organizational Structures

• Formal Structures

• Work Specialization

The number of employees a supervisor can direct; varies from supervisor to supervisor

• Chain of Command

• Authority

• Work Specialization

• Span of Control

Refers to the rights of a supervisory position to give orders; one person’s position over another

• Authority

• Chain of Command

• Span of Control

• Line Authority

The principle in which an employee should have only one supervisor to whom he or she is responsible; decreases conflicting demands and priorities

• Authority

• Staff Authority

• Chain of Command

• Span of Control

The grouping of individuals into departments based on work functions, product or service, target market, geographic territory and process used to create products

• Product Departmentalization

• Geographic Departmentalization

• Functional Departmentalization

• Departmentalization

Non-elaborate structure; has little formalization; has a centralized authority

• Functional Structure

• Simple Structure

• Divisional Structure

• Matrix Organization

Occurs when only a select few people at the top of an organization make the decisions

• Centralization

• Decentralization

• Departmentalization

• Staff Authority

Combines the elements of functional and product-based departmentalization creating a dual chain of command; employees have at least two bosses; authority is shared between two supervisors; involves regular communication

• Divisional Structure

• Team-based Structure

• Matrix Organization

• Boundaryless Organization