Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes & Viruses - AP Biology

Cells tend to be small, with sizes ranging between 1 and 100 mm. These small sizes help to ensure that cells have a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio. Choose the statement that explains why a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio is advantageous.

• Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and out of cells.

• Lower surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and our of cells.

• Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios speed up the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

• Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios slow down the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when an ancient cell engulfed another, forming a permanent symbiotic relationship. Choose the evidence that best justifies this claim.

• Both mitochondria and chloroplasts perform energy functions

• Eukaryotic cells have many mitochondria

• Eukaryotic cells have traits in common with archaea

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of unique DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain all of the following EXCEPT

• Cell (Plasma) Membrane

• Chloroplast

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Eukaryotic cell?

• Animal

• Fungi

• Protist

• Archaea

Plant and Animal cells share the following cell parts.

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

• Cell/Plasma Membrane

• Golgi Apparatus

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Eukaryotic cells possess an extensive endomembrane system. The extensive use of internal membranes gives eukaryotic cells certain useful advantages not seen in prokaryotic cells. Choose the example that correctly describes one of these advantages.

• Nucleic acids can freely mingle with cytoplasmic enzymes

• Lysosomes can maintain a much lower pH than surrounding cytoplasm

• Endoplasmic reticulum is prevented from forming vesicles

• Surface area available for chemical reactions is greatly decreased

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are they?

• Bacteria & Protista
• Bacteria & Archaea
• Bacteria & Eukarya
• Archaea & Protista

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

• central vacuole
• chloroplast
• wall made of cellulose
• mitochondrion

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

• mitochondria and chloroplasts.
• peroxisomes and chloroplasts.
• chloroplasts and peroxisomes.
• chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3