Unit Two: Chemistry of Life Review

An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses

• protons

• neutrons

• bonds

• electrons

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

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Atoms connected by covalent bonds share

• pairs of electrons

• ionic compounds

• carbon and oxygen

• hydrogen ions

Hydrogen bonds can form between regions of polar molecules that are

• nonpolar

• similarly charged

• oppositely charged

• uncharged or neutral

Why is water necessary to your body?

• It prevents large changes in blood pH

• It dissolves and transports substances

• It dissolves nonpolar fats and oils

• It forms the solutes in blood plasma

What are the four main groups of carbon-based molecules?

• starches, cholesterol, fatty acids, and amino acids

• sugars, cellulose, triglycerides, and monosaccharides

• polysaccharides, sugars, oils, and polymers

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Identify the products in the following chemical reaction:

6 H₂O + 6CO₂ --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

• 6 H₂O and 6CO₂

• 6CO_{2 and} C₆H₁₂O₆

• C₆H₁₂O₆, & 6 O₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆, & 6 O₆

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

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Enzymes function as catalysts by...

• Changing the direction of a reaction

• Breaking down molecules into starch

• Increasing the temperature range

• Weakening bonds in reactants

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?

• Increases the temperature

• Increases the volume of reactants

• Decreases the activation energy

• Decreases the reaction rate

Which phrase best describes atoms?

• Single-celled organisms

• Smallest basic unit of matter

• Parts of a nucleus

• Positively charged particles

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which of the following cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means?

• Element

• Compound

• Molecule

• Bond