Viruses and Cells

Cells differ from viruses in that only cells -

• have DNA and/or RNA.

• are microscopic structures.

• have a cell membrane &/or a cell wall.

• have protective covering for genetic material.

Viruses have structures that allow them to inject their genetic material directly into the DNA of the host cell. This strategy benefits the virus in that –

• the host cell is turned into a virus.

• mutations are introduced into the host cell.

• it is able to transform into a host cell.

• the virus uses the host’s machinery to replicate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Viruses use two different cycles of replication, the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. In what way is the lysogenic cycle different from the lytic cycle?

• The virus recognizes and attaches to host cell.

• The host cell is not destroyed immediately.

• Viral DNA is replicated along with host DNA.

• The virus injects its DNA into the host cell..

A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects only a bacterial host cell. A bacteriophage can’t cause disease in humans because it –

• does not have the correct surface proteins for attachment.

• can only use bacterial DNA to replicate.

• gets destroyed in the human digestive tract.

• is able to reproduce without a host cell.

Bacteria and viruses have all of the following in common except:

• Genetic material

• No membrane bound organelles

• Cytoplasm

• Protein Coat

The viral structure responsible for recognizing specific host cells is –

• a glycoprotein

• genetic material.

• a retrovirus.

• a bacteriophage.

A bacteriophage virus causes infection in bacteria by injecting which of the following?

• DNA

• Hormones

• Proteins

• Lipids

Which of the following characteristics is shared by viruses and living cells? Both viruses and living cells –

• have a nucleus, as well as a cell wall.

• contain nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA.

• can replicate independently of a host cell.

• use organelles to perform life functions.

Which organism requires a host cell's machinery for reproduction?

• bacteria

• plant cells

• viruses

• animal cells

Which viral reproductive cycle produces symptoms such as fever in their host organism soon after the virus replicates?

• lysogenic cycle

• carbon cycle

• nitrogen cycle

• lytic cycle