The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the:

• Renewed interest in the scientific method at many Italian universities.

• Capitalist values advanced by the leading Italian merchant bankers.

• Anti-religious movement among leading Italian intellectuals.

• Scholarly interest in the study of the classical cultures of Greece and Rome.

The term "Renaissance" in a historical context refers to:

• An abandonment of the beliefs and values of the Middle Ages

• A great awakening and enlightenment in science and reason

• A rebellion against the Catholic Church

• A rebirth a classical culture and reexamination of humanity

Renaissance courtiers were:

• People who worked for the Venetian Republic.

• Slaves of the doge of Venice.

• People who served a prince in multiple political and administrative ways.

• Military leaders whose conquests spread the Renaissance to Northern Europe.

Liberal education (humanities) in the Renaissance included all of the following EXCEPT:

• a mastery of Greek and Latin.

• the mastery of engineering and mechanics.

• the study of music.

• the ability to write poetry and appreciate good works of art.

Civic humanists:

• Advocated active service to the city-state

• Opposed the use of public funds to patronize artists

• Supported a theocracy in Florence

• Opposed the republican form of government

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance?

• Re-emphasis on the culture of antiquity.

• Search for balance and proportion in politics.

• The development of a historical and critical view of the world.

• Strong anti-Christian sentiment.

Northern humanists differed from their Italian predecessors:

• by concentrating on the ancient Greek authors.

• in that they had no need for rich patrons to support their work.

• in their focus on the textual reexamination of the Bible and the writings of the early Church Fathers.

• by refusing to use the vernacular in their work.

Italian society different from the rest of Europe during the Renaissance in which of the following ways?

• Strong traditions of kingship

• Poltical unity centered on the papacy

• Number of urban commercial centers

• Rapid pace of agricultural innovation

Which of the following best describe the signori?

• Powerful military leaders brought in by merchant oligarchs

• Sworn associates of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds

• Government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan

• New converts to Christianity in the wake of the Spanish Inquisition

The passage above most accurately describes:

• Lorenzo d'Medici

• John Calvin

• Desiderius Erasmus

• Philip II