Biology Benchmark 1920

Which organelle from the plant cell is primarily responsible for converting sunlight energy into chemical energy? (SB1a.)

• mitochondria

• vacuole

• nucleus

• chloroplast

When a plant cell receives too much water, it may swell and burst. Which three organelles work together to maintain homeostasis and prevent this from occurring? (SB1a)

• P because the vacuole stores water for later use; Q because the cell membrane allows materials in and out; R because the cell wall maintains a rigid support structure to prevent bursting.

• N because the chloroplast creates energy for later use; O because the nucleus uses that energy to inform the plant not to take in any more water; because the cytoplasm prevents any water from entering the cell.

• U because the Golgi apparatus packages the water; P because the ribosome ships the water to the outer cell; R because the cell membrane releases the water through active transport.

• M because the mitochondrion provides energy to create water channels; T because the endoplasmic reticulum burrows to create these water channels; Q because the cell membrane releases this water out of the channels.

What is the function of the nucleus? (SB1a)

• absorbing sunlight

• releasing energy

• storing genetic material

• producing food molecules

We would expect cells found in the digestive glands of animals to contain relatively large amounts of which cellular organelle? (SB1a)

• centrioles

• lysosome

• mitochondria

• nuclei

Domestic horses have 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should be in an egg cell

of a female horse? (SB1b)

• 16

• 32

• 64

• 128

Why is it important for the cells of multicellular organisms to undergo mitosis? (SB1b)

• Mitosis allows for reproduction with male and female gametes.

• Mitosis increases variation within an organism.

• Mitosis produces cells that are different from the original dividing cell.

• Mitosis produces identical cells to the original dividing cell

Which phase of mitosis is circled below? (SB1b)

• prophase

• metaphase

• anaphase

• telophase

In a bacterium, cell division takes place when (SB1b)

• its nucleus divides

• the cell splits into two cells, one of which receives all of the DNA

• the spindle fibers form

• the DNA is copied, a new cell wall forms between the DNA copies, and the cell splits into two cells

DNA and RNA are classified at which macromolecule (SB1c)

• amino acid

• protein

• nucleic acid

• carbohyrates

Genetic variation can arise in a number of different ways. The picture below shows an example that occurs during meiosis. What is it called? (SB1b)

• fertilization

• segregation

• crossing over

• independent assortment