According to Stanovich (2015), something that interferes with rational thinking is the tendency to reason from an egocentric perspective. This is called:

• Dysrationalia

• Myside bias

• Cognitive miser

• Mindware gap

Stanovich (2015) suggests that intelligence is not the only thing that plays a role in cognitive reasoning. He coined this term to explain decision-making unrelated to intelligence:

• Myside bias

• Critical thinking

• Cognitive miser

• Dysrationalia

Halpbern (2006) would agree with which of the following statements about critical thinking?

• The best way to assess critical thinking is sequentially, allowing for open-ended responses and forced choice.

• Critical thinking cannot be taught effectively in schools.

• Only the best teachers can teach critical thinking skills.

• Teaching to support critical thinking and teaching to enhance transfer have opposing aims.

Critical thinking (Halpbern, 2006) includes all of the following, except:

• Metacognition

• Reflection

• Making inferences

• Generating lists

Gathercole (2011) indicates that at least 10% of children have this problem, which sometimes is reflected by poor attention in the classroom:

• Mind wandering

• Working memory

• Storage problem

• Retrieval problem

Duke et al. (2012) identifies all of the following strategies for teaching reading comprehension, except:

• Reciprocal teaching

• Teach text structure

• Integrate reading and writing

• Differentiate instruction

In class, we discussed the “reading wars,” (Rayner et al., 2002) a debate between the use of these two approaches to reading instruction:

• Phonics and whole-language

• Behaviorism and teacher-centered

• Constructivism and social learning

• Whole-word and whole-language

When learning to read, the awareness of the fact that some letter(s) may sound differently in different words is known as:

• Narrative skills

• Phonemic awareness

• Automaticity

• Decoding

Early literacy development is contingent on understanding all of the following except:

• Concept of print

• Phonemic awareness

• Self-regulation

• Vocabulary

One way of teaching early literacy skills includes summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting (Palincsar & Brown, 1984). This method was called:

• Reciprocal teaching

• Constructivist teaching

• Rote teaching

• Collaborative teaching