AP World History Unit 3 Quiz

What religious sect of Islam regards the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad?

• Shia
• Sunni
• Imam
• Caliph

According to the Shiites, what was the right thing to do after Muhammad's death?

• Muhammad’s successor will be filled with his lifelong apprentice.
• They wanted Muhammad’s successor to be chosen by the community, a voting.
• Muhammad’s successor needed to be left to his lineage.
• The religion will end.

What must Muslims do during Ramadan?

• No sleeping 
• No leaving the house
• No eating or drinking
• They must pray all day

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

• praying 5 times a day
• giving away 2.5% of income
• confessing your belief in the gods
• a pilgrimage to Mecca

What branches of mathematics did the Muslims first develop?

• algebra
• geometry
• fractions
• calculus

Before answering the question, read this excerpt by historian Yakut, describing Baghdad in the tenth century:

"The city of Baghdad formed two vast semi-circles on the right and left banks of the Tigris, twelve miles in diameter. The numerous suburbs, covered with parks, gardens, villas, and beautiful promenades, and plentifully supplied with rich bazaars, and finely built mosques and baths, stretched for a considerable distance on both sides of the river. In the days of its prosperity the population of Baghdad and its suburbs amounted to over two [million]! The palace of the Caliph stood in the midst of a vast park several hours in circumference, which beside a menagerie and aviary comprised an enclosure for wild animals reserved for the chase. The palace grounds were laid out with gardens and adorned with exquisite taste with plants, flowers, and trees, reservoirs and fountains, surrounded by sculpted figures. On this side of the river stood the palaces of the great nobles. Immense streets, none less than forty cubits wide, traversed the city from one end to the other, dividing it into blocks or quarters, each under the control of an overseer or supervisor, who looked after the cleanliness, sanitation and the comfort of the inhabitants."

From Michael Hamilton Morgan, Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers, and Artists (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2007), 60-61

What might a historian conclude about the environment of Baghdad in relation to its community of scholars?

• Baghdad was a city full of crime

• Baghdad city was quality place where learning and teaching thrived during the Golden Age of Islam.

• None of the answers are correct

• Muslims are to journey to Mecca in Saudi Arabia and perform the rituals of the Hajj.

Before answering the question, read the following excerpt:

"The period of the Abbasid caliphate is often called the Islamic Golden Age. The development of papermaking had spread, and by 900 there were many hundreds of shops in Baghdad where scribes, scriveners, bookbinders, and booksellers started producing books in such a manner that it was not long before public libraries were established. The University of Al Karaouine in Fez, Morocco, was established in 859, and this was followed by Al-Azhar University, Cairo, in 975. The former was the first to grant degrees, and the latter was the first to offer a variety of degrees, including degrees for postgraduates. In the case of Avicenna (ca. 980–1037), the best physician and philosopher of his time, it was his book Canon of Medicine that proved to be important in the diagnosing of many diseases and medical conditions such as cancer. Prior to the increase in book production, his ideas would not have flourished in the manner in which they did."

From “Abbasids,” Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications, 2012.

The author argues that

• Printing and book making had basically come to a halt by 900 CE

• Avicenna wouldn’t have made his medical discoveries without the expansion of printmaking technology

• Avicenna’s work received attention it didn’t deserve thanks to the spread of paper making

• Printing in Baghdad helped facilitate the establishment of libraries and universities.

According to legend and the text, how did the Aztec decide where to build Tenochtitlan?

• They saw an eagle eating a snake on top of a cactus and took it as a sign from the god Huizilopochtli.

• They saw a good island location and made a rational decision.

• They chose it because of its superior access to the fresh water of Lake Texcoco.

• They chose the location because of its open and fertile land.

Why was Tenochtitlan such a good location to defend from invaders? (select all that apply)

• The city was on an island in Lake Texcoco, two miles from the shore, so invaders needed to cross narrow causeways or use boats to invade the city.

• The city was surrounded by fresh water and floating gardens, so it wouldn't run out of food and water if it was surrounded and besieged.

• The approaches to the city were all flat, so invaders could be seen from a long way off and couldn't sneak up on the city.

• The city had strong walls that could resist cannon fire for months.

When did the Spanish besiege, conquer, and finally destroy Tenochtitlan?

• 1521 AD

• 1821 AD

• 1325 AD

• 1492 AD