Erikson & Marcia

Which of the following fits with the description of Authoritative Parenting?

• Low levels of warmth

• Communication is predominately one way from parent to child

• Parent has low levels of control

• Parent has high expectations and also has rules but explains the reasoning behind these expectations and rules.

In the middle childhood years, the children who have the best social skills and the richest friendship networks tend to be children who

• had only one parent in the home during their early childhood.

• had secure attachments during infancy

• started full-time day care before the age of two

• have no same-sexed siblings

Parents who want to increase the likelihood of their children developing secure attachments to them should pay attention to...

• not responding to their infants when they cry because they need to learn to be self sufficient.

• avoiding physical contact with their children.

• being consistently present in their child's life so that they are familiar with them.

Which of the following does NOT fit with the accepted definition of adolescence?

• It begins with puberty.

• It ends when one reaches sexual maturity.

• It ends when one reaches independence.

• It represents the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Rites of passage are...

• a way of marking one's transition into adulthood and a great way to lower tensions that often occur between parents and their adolescent children.

• detrimental to one's psychological development.

• always painful physical displays of "manhood".

Edwin has just started his third year in University, and he is still exploring the options for his major. He has taken a number of courses with the intention of obtaining a law degree, but last semester he also discovered he was very interested in geology. He feels it is important to reach a final decision before the end of the semester, and he has started investigating both career options in great detail. According to James Marcia, Edwin would be considered to be in a state of identity

• diffusion

• foreclosure

• achievement

• moratorium

In early adulthood, the psychosocial crisis centers on establishing close, personal relationships with others. This is the stage of

• generativity versus self-absorption/stagnation

• intimacy versus isolation

• identity versus confusion

• integrity versus despair

Sergio just turned 53, and he feels as though he is not making any real contributions through the career he has chosen. As he sits at his desk each day, he fails to find meaning in his life, and feels as though he has no purpose or direction. Based on Erikson's theory, Sergio

• is displaying signs of isolation

• is experiencing feelings of despair and bitterness

• is showing evidence of inferiority and doubt

• is showing signs of stagnation and self-absorbtion

According to Erikson the most important developmental task of your adolescent years is...

• to develop a trusting relationship with your parents.

• to find a group that you fit in with and a unique role that you play within that group.

• to find that person that you can share everything about yourself with.

• to determine what you are good at and what skills you do not have.

Lily is 85 years old and she has recently begun writing her life story. As she thinks back over all that she has done, she comes to the conclusion that her life has had no real meaning or purpose. Based on Erikson's theory, Lily may

• develop a sense of isolation

• experience feelings of despair and bitterness

• become self-indulgent and self-absorbed

• develop feelings of inferiority and doubt