Periodic Trends for PreAP Chemistry

As you move down a group, atomic radius increases because - 

• you add more and more neutrons
• you add more and more protons
• you add more and more shells (energy levels)
• you add more atomic mass

The atom with the largest atomic radius in Group 18 is - 

• Ar
• He
• Kr
• Rn

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As you move across the periodic table from left to right, the atomic radius decreases.  This is because - 

• the number of protons increases, so attraction to electrons increases
• the number of energy levels increases
• the number of electrons increases
• the atomic mass increases

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The atom with the largest atomic radius in Period 4 (row 4) is - 

• K
• Kr
• Fe
• Fe

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The Br^- anion is larger than the Br atom because - 

• Br^- has more electrons than Br, and more electrons repel each other
• Br has more electrons than Br^-, and more electrons repel each other
• Br^- has more protons, so it has more attraction for its electrons
• Br has more protons, so it has more attraction for its electrons

Fluorine (F) has one of the highest ionization energies on the periodic table because - 

• it is a halogen and a gas
• it has seven valence electrons, and just needs one more electron to gain stability
• it is one of the largest atoms on the periodic table
• its electrons are close to and have a very strong attraction to the nucleus

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The element with the smallest ionization energy in Period 6 is - 

• Rn
• Cs
• Os
• Tm

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The second ionization energy for any element is always higher than the first ionization energy, because - 

• the number of energy levels increases with every electron removed
• the nuclear attraction becomes stronger with every electron removed
• the electron repulsion increases with every electron removed
• the number of neutrons increases with every electron removed

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After you take the last electron in a shell (energy level), the ionization energy to remove the next electron jumps because - 

• that resulting configuration is stable, like a noble gas
• the nuclear attraction decreases sharply
• the repulsion between electrons is increased
• the number of protons decreases

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Which of these four elements will have the highest electron affinity?

• astatine
• francium
• lithium
• fluorine

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