Checkpoints occur between the stages of the cell cycle. If a cell does not meet certain criteria at the end of the stage, it will not move to the next stage. Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

The nuclear membrane disintegrates

Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?

The cytoplasm must be separated

The cell membrane must be expanded

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

Providing information to form proteins

Making energy available for cellular activities

Creating bonds to form biomolecules

Producing sugars that assist with replication

From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of function. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells

Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type

Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA neede for that cell type.

Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.

Researchers Robert Briggs and Thomas Kind used ultraviolet radiation to destroy the nuclear DNA of frog eggs. Nuclei from adult skin cells and from tadpole-gut epithelial cells were cultured and then injected into eggs that had their nuclei destroyed. The results were tadpoles. Which conclusion is supported by the data from this investigation?

The transplanted DNA functioned as the original nuclear DNA of the egg cell would have

The DNA information for development was silenced in differentiated cells

The DNA from skin cells and epithelial cells was not transcribed

The transplanted DNA mutates during culturing

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

Somatic cell growth is inhibited

Antibody activity id unregulated

This diagram represents the cell cycle. When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?

Repeat the cell cycle continuously

In the 1880's, Louis Pasteur developed a method of weakening viruses. The weakened viruses could be injected into healthy individuals. How is this method effective in fighting viral diseases?

The immune system develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses

The weakened viruses attach to unaffected viruses in the host and interrupt the viral reproductive cycle.

The rate of genetic mutation in the host is decreased due to the introduction of weakened viruses.

Weakened viruses are unable to enter the host organism.

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce

Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates.

Viruses have flagella, and cells only have cilia

Viruses have membranes made of proteins, and cells have membranes made of nucleic acid.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often infects and destroys CD4 T cells. These CD4 T cells are one of many kinds of white blood cells that are an important part of the immune system. The most common danger related to the destruction of CD4 T cells is -

an increase in the threat of diseases caused by microorganisms and viruses

an increase in the risk of high blood pressure

a decrease in the flow of blood to vital organs

a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transports to tissues

Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites and direct skin contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to -

access cellular processes for replication

deactivate the host cell's defenses

synthesize antibodies for defense

metabolize host proteins and grow

The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. This epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?

Infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed.

Food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened.

Medical personnel often became ill as a result of exposure to airborne virus particles.

The picture shows a 3-D model of a virus called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E. coli. In what way are the bacteriophage and E. coli alike?

They lack membrane-bound organelles

Models of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an animal cell are shown. What is the difference in the function of the glycoprotein structures of an HIV virion and the cilia of an animal cell?

The glycoprotein structures are used for attachment, and the cilia are used to move fluids surrounding the cell

The glycoprotein structures are used to obtain nutrition, and the cilia are used to secrete proteins

The glycoprotein structures are used to provide physical support for the viral envelope and the cilia strengthen the cell membrane

The glycoprotein structures are used for defense, and the cilia are used for locomotion

H1N1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenze A (H1N1) virus. The symptoms of H1N1 flu are listed in the box. An antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness. Why is it important to administer an antiviral agent to an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms?

The H1N1 virus replicates quickly

The H1N1 virus is dormant in cells

The H1N1 virus is transmitted through a vector host, such as a mosquito

A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may not have any symptoms for a period of time. During this period, the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?

The virus damages immune cells while using their machinery to produce copies of itself

The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from reproducing

The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration

The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune system from functioning normally.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is -

lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus

lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness

lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people

A photograph of a virus is shown. The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to -

signal other viruses to infect a host cell

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. A company that wants to develop antiviral drugs would ask a research immunologist to study -

the mechanism used by the virus to infect cells

how closely related the virus is to cold viruses

EOC Cell Cycle & Viruses

Authored by Ericka Flores

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 234+ times

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33 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Mitosis

G1 phase

G2 phase

S phase

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

Arrow 1 represents Prophase, and Arrow 2 represents Interphase

Arrow 1 represents Mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents Meiosis

Arrow 1 represents Interphase, and Arrow 2 represents Mitosis

Arrow 1 represents Meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents Prophase

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Part of the cell cycle is shown in this simplified model. This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that -

duplicate the DNA

complete cell division

maintains genetic homeostasis

synthesizes new molecules

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

G1 phase

S phase

G2 phase

M phase

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

Cell 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Cells pass through a G2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place

So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle. Which part of the model represents the S phase?

III

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EOC Cell Cycle & Viruses

The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

Part of the cell cycle is shown in this simplified model. This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that -

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

Cells pass through a G2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle. Which part of the model represents the S phase?

Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries. This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells. The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissue is -

Checkpoints occur between the stages of the cell cycle. If a cell does not meet certain criteria at the end of the stage, it will not move to the next stage. Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

Telophase is a stage of a cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. During which cellular process does telophase occur?

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