Unit 2 Lesson 2: Temperature and Heat

Explain the MAIN difference between conduction, convection, and radiation.

• While conduction carries energy of the heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space, convection is heat traveling along a substance from molecule to molecule, and radiation is the transfer of energy through a liquid or gas.

• While conduction is the transfer of energy through a liquid or gas, convection carries energy of the heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space, and radiation is heat traveling along a substance form molecule to molecule.

• While conduction is the transfer of energy through a liquid or gas, convection is heat traveling along a substance from molecule to molecule, and radiation carries energy of the heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space.

• While conduction is heat traveling along a substance from molecule to molecule, convection is the transfer of energy through a liquid or gas, and radiation carries energy of the heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space.

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Infer how a hot air balloon rises. Cite evidence to support your thinking.

• A hot air balloon rises when the air inside the hot air balloon is less dense than the air surrounding it. Hot air is less dense than the cool air; the heated air causes the balloon to rise simply because it is lighter than an equal volume of cold air. This process is referred to as radiation.

• A hot air balloon rises when the air inside the hot air balloon is less dense than the air surrounding it. Hot air is less dense than the cool air; the heated air causes the balloon to rise simply because it is lighter than an equal volume of cold air. This process is referred to as convection.

• A hot air balloon rises when the air inside the hot air balloon is more dense than the air surrounding it. Hot air is more dense than the cool air; the heated air causes the balloon to rise simply because it is heavier than an equal volume of cold air. This process is referred to as convection.

• A hot air balloon rises when the air inside the hot air balloon is less dense than the air surrounding it. Hot air is less dense than the cool air; the heated air causes the balloon to rise simply because it is lighter than an equal volume of cold air. This process is referred to as conduction.

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Here is a swimming pool. Both the water and chlorine in the pool have the same temperature, but do they have the same amount of thermal energy? Assess whether or not the chlorine and water in the pool have the same amount of thermal energy and why.

• The chlorine has more thermal energy than the water because its particles are moving at a much faster rate of speed than the water particles. Chlorine is a gas, while water is a liquid. Since gases have more thermal energy than liquids, the chlorine has to have more thermal energy than the water.

• The water has more thermal energy than the chlorine because its particles are moving at a much faster rate of speed than the chlorine particles. Since liquids have more thermal energy than gases, the water has to have more thermal energy than the chlorine.

• Both the chlorine and water have the same amount of thermal energy. This is because the chlorine particles and water particles are moving at a fast rate of speed and gases and liquids have the same amount of thermal energy; therefore the chlorine and water have the same amount of thermal energy.

• Both the chlorine and water have the same amount of energy. This is because the chlorine particles and the water particles are moving at a slow rate of speed and gases and liquids have the same amount of thermal energy; therefore the chlorine and water have the same amount of thermal energy.

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By making observations of this picture, describe the energy transfers that are occurring.

• The water is heated by conduction as the hot water rises, the cold water moves down. Heat energy from the stove is transferred to the pan by radiation. Also, heat energy is transferred to the handle of the pan to your hand by radiation. Heat energy from the stove is transferred through the air warming the space in the kitchen by convection.

• The water is heated by radiation as the hot water rises, the cold water moves down. Heat energy from the stove is transferred to the pan by conduction. Also, heat energy is transferred to the handle of the pan to your hand by conduction. Heat energy from the stove is transferred through the air warming the space in the kitchen by convection.

• The water is heated by convection as the hot water rises, the cold water moves down. Heat energy from the stove is transferred to the pan by conduction. Also, heat energy is transferred to the handle of the pan to your hand by conduction. Heat energy from the stove is transferred through the air warming the space in the kitchen by radiation.

• The water is heated by radiation as the hot water rises, the cold water moves down. Heat energy from the stove is transferred to the pan by conduction. Also, heat energy is transferred to the handle of the pan to your hand by convection. Heat energy from the stove is transferred through the air warming the space in the kitchen by conduction.

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How are conduction, convection, and radiation related to each other?

• Conduction, convection, and radiation all have ways to transfer thermal energy and they all have sound energy.

• Conduction, convection, and radiation all have ways to transfer thermal energy and they all have kinetic energy.

• Conduction, convection, and radiation all have ways to transfer thermal energy and they all have mechanical energy.

• Conduction, convection, and radiation all have ways to transfer thermal energy and they all have potential energy.

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Categorize the examples that represent radiation. Which TWO are NOT examples of radiation?

• heat from a light bulb

• radiator warms your hands

• you feel the heat from a campfire

• irons

• a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer

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Differentiate temperature and thermal energy.

• Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Thermal energy is a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in joules.

• Temperature is the measure of the total amount kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Thermal energy is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in joules.

• Temperature is the measure of the total amount kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in joules. Thermal energy is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in Fahrenheit or Celsius.

• Temperature is the measure of the total amount kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in joules. Thermal energy is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object or substance that is measured in joules.

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Investigate which THREE of the following are good conductors of heat and why: silver, glass, paper, copper, Styrofoam, and gold.

• Gold, copper, and Styrofoam are good conductors of heat because they contain free electrons that move through the metal easily. Also, they gain the kinetic energy from the collisions with hot atoms and pass on the energy when they collide with cold atoms; this transfers the heat more quickly.

• Styrofoam, copper, and glass are good conductors of heat because they contain free electrons that move through the metal easily. Also, they gain the kinetic energy from the collisions with hot atoms and pass on the energy when they collide with cold atoms; this transfers the heat more quickly.

• Silver, paper, and copper are good conductors of heat because they contain free electrons that move through the metal easily. Also, they gain the kinetic energy from the collisions with hot atoms and pass on the energy when they collide with cold atoms; this transfers the heat more quickly.

• Silver, copper, and gold are good conductors of heat because they contain free electrons that move through the metal easily. Also, they gain the kinetic energy from the collisions with hot atoms and pass on the energy when they collide with cold atoms; this transfers the heat more quickly.

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By developing a logical argument, what might cause the food to not cook all the way through?

• Not enough energy reaches the center of the food.

• Energy flows into the food too quickly and is lost before the inside is cooked.

• The food conducts energy, so the energy passes through the food without cooking it.

• The energy cooks the outside of the food, then the food begins to lose heat instead of cooking further.

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Hypothesize what type of heat transfer is being described in the following example: A candle is heating a box. As air in the box warms, the air particles begin to move faster and the air becomes less dense. The colder, denser air sinks and pushes up the warmer air. This movement transfers thermal energy through liquids and gases.

• The type of heat transfer being described is conduction.

• The type of heat transfer being described is convection.

• The type of heat transfer being described is induction.

• The type of heat transfer being described is radiation.