CHROMOSOMES, GENES, AND DNA

Which statement about DNA is true?

• Different people can have the same copy of DNA in their cells.

• DNA is made up of genes that carry hereditary information

• DNA controls the genotype but not the phenotype of an organism.

• DNA controls the genotype only in the second and third generations.

Parents have two children, one with blond hair and one with brown hair. How is this possible?

• Both parents must have red hair.

• Both parents must have brown hair.

• The children inherited different genes from their parents

• The children inherited the same traits from their parents.

Which statement describes why eye color is an inherited trait?

• It depends on the color of light entering the eye.

• It is passed from the parents to the offspring

• It depends on the amount of vitamin A in the diet.

• It changes as a child grows to become an adult.

In humans, the allele for having a widow's peak is dominant to having a straight hairline.Many people do not like the widow's peak so they shave it off. Will this affect their offspring?

• No. Shaving the widow's peak does not change their genotype, so the allele can still be passed on to offspring.

• No. Their offspring will have a widow's peak if they inherit both recessive alleles from the parents.

• Yes. There is no chance the offspring will be born with a widow's peak because the parents destroyed the trait

• Yes. Offspring born with a widow's peak will have a smaller peak because the allele was damage

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Which statement describes the relationship between DNA and an organism's phenotype?

• DNA is expressed as a gene which determines the genetic make-up of the organism.

• DNA is expressed as a gene which determines the expressed trait of the organism

• DNA is expressed as a chromosome which determines the genetic make-up of the organism

• DNA is expressed as a chromosome which determines the expressed trait of the organism.

The diagram shows two cells that have copied all of their contents and are being separated into two new cells.

What term describes this process?

• cell respiration

• genetic variation

• mitosis

• photosynthesis

The genotype for a specific trait is written with two letters such as BB, Bb, or bb, and a cross for a trait can be written BB x Bb. What do the two letters of the genotype represent?

• An organism's outward appearance is its phenotype.

• An organism's genotype is a result of its phenotype

• Genes for a trait come from either the mother or father but not both parents

• Traits are passed from both parents to offspring through pairs of genes.

Which statement best explains how hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring?

• Genes that determine each trait are located in chromosomes and are passed from parents to their offspring during reproduction.

• Genes that determine each trait are located on ribosomes and are passed from parents to their offspring during protein synthesis

• Genes that determine each trait are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and are passed from parents to their offspring during reproduction

• Genes that determine each trait are located in the mitochondria and are passed from parents to their offspring during division of mitochondria.

How is the process of mitosis essential to the survival of an organism?

• It creates new daughter cells to replace parent cells.

• It prevents accumulation of waste in cells

• It ensures proper storage of nutrients in cells.

• It provides the required amount of energy to cells.

A student listed the different life processes that depend on mitosis. Which process did he list incorrectly ?

• asexual reproduction

• body growth

• dead cell replacement

• waste elimination