Unit 3 Review

Which type of stress causes deformation that leads to earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries?

• tension

• rebound

• shear stress

• compression

On December 26, 2004, a major tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean. The tsunami traveled from its point of origin to as far away as Africa—nearly 5,000 km. The map below shows the origin of the tsunami and the direction the waves traveled. What was the cause of this tsunami?

• an earthquake beneath the ocean

• the impact of a large meteorite in the ocean

• a sudden violent windstorm above the ocean water

• a typoon moving from the Indian Ocean toward India

What causes an earthquake to happen?

• rocks deform slowly as a result of stress

• rocks along a fault move suddenly and release energy

• large amounts of rock suddenly shift downward when large holes form underground

• energy is transferred to rock layers from convection currents in the oceans and the atmosphere

During the year 2003, the number of earthquakes that occurred was higher than usual. The map below shows the locations of some of these earthquakes. Why do the dots on the map tend to form a long curving line along the western edge of the Pacific Ocean?

• this part of the ocean has a high rate of hurricanes and typhoons

• that part of the ocean is directly above the boundaries between tectonic plates

• an increase in the number of tsunamis in the Pacific led to an increase in the number of earthquakes

• there is pressure on the sea floor due to the weight of water of the Pacific ocean

The graph below shows how seismic waves travel through Earth. What can you infer about the material below 2900 km?

• the material is iron

• the material is rock

• the material is solid

• the material is liquid

The diagram below shows the layers of Earth’s interior. Which physical layers contain material from the mantle?

• crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere

• crust, asthenosphere, mesophere

• mesosphere, inner core, outer core

• lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere

Which type of stress is most likely to occur at convergent plate boundaries?

• faulting

• tension

• shear

• compression

The diagram below shows a type of mountain range that can form at divergent plate boundaries. What type of mountains are shown in the diagram?

• island volcanic arc

• folded mountains

• fault-block mountains

• continental volcanic arc

Look at the process shown in the illustrations below. What is the name of the hypothesis that is shown by this process?

• continetal drift

• magnetic reversals

• rifting

• subduction

What is the break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another called?

• fault

• focus

• epicenter

• earthquake