AP Psych: Learning

Ivan Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n):

• primary reinforcer

• unconditoned stimulus

• immediate reinforcer

• conditioned stimulus

A sea slug learns to withdraw its gill after repeatedly being squirted by water. After repeated squirting, the withdrawal response lessens. Which term would learning theorists use to describe this reaction?

• operant conditioning

• conditioned stimulus

• habituation

• law of effect

Luke gets paid a fixed sum after every four pianos he tunes. He is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

• fixed interval

• fixed ratio

• variable interval

• variable ratio

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate it. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by

• intrinsic motivation

• spontaneous recovery

• biological predispositions

• conditioned reinforcers

The law of effect relates most closely to

• modeling

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• latent learning

Mirror neurons are important to the process of learning because they

• enhance cognitive maps

• enable imitation

• provide a neurological basis for operant conditioning

• explain aversive conditioning

Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long. Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated. After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated. In this scenario, what is the conditioned response?

• tuna

• nausea

• mayonnaise

• sight of any sandwich

Extinction occurs _____ in classical conditioning and _______ in operant conditioning.

• when the CS is presented with the UCS; when reinforcement increases

• when the CS is presented alone repeatedly; when reinforcement increases

• when the CS is presented alone repeatedly,; when reinforcement stops

• when the CS is presented with the UCS; when reinforcement stops

When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn't make rude noises that often anymore. This is an example of

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Little Joey gets yelled at when he acts up in class. Now he's acting up even more. This is an example of

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment