APUSH Period 4 Practice Questions

Although the Supreme Court was the weakest of the three branches of government in the early days of the new republic, John Marshall strengthened the Court by

• establishing the principle of federalism, giving federal courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional

• establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland

• declaring the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which asserted the right of states to nullify federal laws, unconstitutional

• establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury v. Madison

The Louisiana Purchase was an important factor in the development of U.S. trade because it

• opened new markets among the western Indian nations

• added numerous French factories in the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. economy

• gave the country complete control of the Mississippi Rive

• facilitated the immediate completion of the transcontinental railroad

As a result of the Hartford Convention following the War of 1812,

• the Federalist party lost credibility and eventually died out

• the New England states threatened to secede

• the Constitution was amended to limit the president to two terms in office

• Congress passed the War Powers Act, limiting future presidents from gaining too much power during wartime, as Madison had

Andrew Jackson accused Henry Clay of using his influence to broker the "corrupt bargain" of 1824 (which cost Andrew Jackson the election) because Clay

• was promised a cabinet position if John Quincy Adams was elected president

• knew Jackson did not support his "American System"

• was promised the vice presidency if Jackson was defeated

• feared Jackson's pro-slavery stance on states' rights

Andrew Jackson's positions on the Second National Bank and the American System typified his

• distrust of large national government programs

• tendency to favor the interests of the Northeast

• abhorrence (feeling of disgust) of the spoils system

• commitment to developing a national economy

The concept nullification became an issue during Period 4 when

• South Carolina nullified congressional tariff bills

• Virginia nullified congressional legislation concerning slavery

• Southern representatives to the Electoral College switched their votes in the 1824 election

• South Carolina nullified congressional legislation concerning the removal of Native Americans

The American System of Henry Clay

• favored strong economic growth and a Second National Bank

• favored lowering tariffs so more goods could be purchased from abroad

• wanted to place a ceiling on the national debt

• wanted to make the United States the military equivalent of Great Britain or France

This was first the peaceful change of power between one party in the US government and an opposing party. In this case, the Democratic Republicans gained control of the government from the Federalists.

• Revolution of 1800

• Constitutional Convention

• Inauguration of George Washington

• The Glorious Revolution

John Marshall declared the U.S. Bank constitutional by invoking the Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers. He strengthened federal authority and slapped at state infringements when he denied the right of Maryland to tax the Bank.

• McCulloch V Maryland

• Gibbons V Ogden

• Marbury V Madison

• Fletcher V Peck

This case cleared up controversy over who had final say in interpreting the Constitution: the states did not, the Supreme Court did. This is judicial review.

• Marbury V Madison

• Gibbons V Ogden

• McCulloch V Maryland

• Fletcher V Peck