The Cold War I

1. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with which of the following?

• The ever increasing national debt.

• The global spread of communism.

• Political opposition to Truman’s foreign policy decisions.

• The rapidly expanding nuclear arms race between the USSR and the USA.

In the years just after World War II, the United States attempted to prevent the spread of communism in Europe mainly by doing which of the following?

• taking over the governments of several Western European nations

• increasing opportunities for political refugees to settle in the United States

• holding a series of summit meetings with leaders of the Soviet Union

• establishing policies of economic and military aid for European nations

"Many foreign peoples, in Europe at least, are . . . frightened by experiences of the past and are less interested in . . . freedom than in security. They are seeking guidance rather than responsibilities. We should be better able than the Russians to give them this. And unless we do, the Russians certainly will."

This advice to President Harry Truman helped influence Truman’s decision to do which of the following?

• drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• end segregation in the Armed Forces

• develop the Marshall Plan

• deport any person suspected of being a communist

In the Truman Doctrine, President Harry Truman pledged to do which of the following?

• support Greece and other “free” nations in their fight against communist aggression

• fight hunger in Africa and Asia by providing tons of food and money

• strengthen the United States nuclear arsenal to match Soviet power

• reject a policy of containment to focus instead on peace and co-existence

Which of the following was the essential element of the policy of containment?

• A commitment to fight a defensive war against the Japanese while taking the offensive against Germany.

• A commitment to working with the Soviet Union.

• A commitment to rolling back or eliminating communism.

• A commitment to holding communism within the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

Based on information presented in the text, which of the following is most accurate?

• The Korean War represented United Nations efforts to assist nations in repelling aggressors, or invaders.

• The conflict in Korea involved unilateral, or independent, military action by the United States.

• The Korean War was a humiliating military defeat for the United Nations and the US.

• The conflict in Korea brought about lasting solutions to problems in the region.

During the Korean War, what was the main reason that President Harry Truman dismissed General Douglas MacArthur as commander of the United States troops?

• The United States had suffered many severe military losses.

• Congress refused to appropriate any more money to support the war

• President Truman believed that General MacArthur’s conduct threatened his authority over the military

• General MacArthur disobeyed President Truman by deciding to stop fighting the war

Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War?

• The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe

• United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action

• The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared or undeclared

• United States foreign policy was focused upon the conquest of other nations.

The successful launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 signaled the beginning of which of the following?

• American fears that the Soviets had achieved technological superiority.

• The Cold War with the United States.

• Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and China.

• Disarmament discussions between the superpowers designed to end the military arms race.

“Sputnik Launch Propels Soviets Ahead in Space Race” In 1957, the United States government responded to the event described in this headline by doing which of the following?

• reducing military spending

• building a joint space station with the Soviet Union

• constructing President Ronald Reagan’s “Star Wars” defense system

• providing funds to improve the educational system in the United States