8.34 Cotton & the Agrarian South

The majority of southern slaves did what type of labor?

• They worked as domestic servants in southern homes.

• They grew cash crops such as cotton, rice, and sugar.

• They mined minerals such as coal and iron.

• They worked as crafts people building fine pieces.

Good geography for cotton, large plantations, & need for large labor supply describes...

• factors that attracted immigrants to the South.

• reasons slavery flourished in the South.

• evidence that slavery would be abolished.

• reasons that industry was slow to develop in the North

What did the cotton gin do?

• picked cotton from the fields at a much faster rate than before

• removed cotton seeds from picked cotton at a much faster rate than before

• spun cotton fibers into thread at a much faster rate than before

• wove cotton threads into textiles at a much faster rate than before

Which of the following was NOT a result of the invention of the cotton gin?

• Cotton profits increased enormously.

• Cotton growers used profits to build more textile mills.

• Cotton production increase required more slaves.

• Cotton plantations extended as far west as Texas.

How did cotton benefit states in the Upper South that did not grow it the most?

• They sold tobacco to slaves in the Deep South.

• They sold food to the the Deep South to feed slaves.

• They sold slaves to the Deep South to produce cotton.

• They bought cotton to use in their textile mills.

How did cotton and slavery benefit Northern states?

• They sold tobacco to slaves in the South.

• They sold food to the the South to feed slaves.

• They imported slaves to sell to the South to produce cotton.

• They bought cotton to use in their textile mills.

Why was Memphis a center for the cotton trade and the slave trade in the South?

• Its location on the Atlantic allowed for quick trade to both the cotton-producing South and the textile-manufacturing Northeast.

• It bordered textile factories in the industrial West allowing quick transport of cotton.

• Congress passed a law making Memphis the center of trade to prevent the spread of slavery to the West.

• Its location on the Mississippi was in the heart of cotton-producing South.

In the early 1800’s Memphis and Nashville grew faster than other areas in the state because…

• cities were safer than the open countryside.

• locations on major rivers connected them to other markets.

• natural resources were scarce in other areas.

• few opportunities were available in other areas.

What was the Second Middle Passage?

• The journey of Africans to America in the early 1800s.

• When slaves were sold from the Upper South to the Lower South.

• The movement of former slaves to Northern cities after the Civil War.

• The path of the Underground Railroad where slaves escaped to freedom in the North.