June 2018 Living Environment Regents exam 21-43

The Cornell University News Service reported, “The sugar maple is the most economically valuable tree in the eastern United States because of its high-priced lumber, syrup and tourist-attracting fall colors.” The effects of acid rain now threaten the survival of these trees. This threat is the result of a human activity that has

• (1) introduced a foreign species by accident

• (2) stabilized a forest ecosystem through

  technology

• (3) weakened an ecosystem through pollution

• (4) weakened a species by direct harvesting

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The human male reproductive system is adapted for the production of

• (1) sperm and the delivery of these cells for internal fertilization

• (2) gametes that transport food to the egg

• (3) zygotes and the development of these cells into a fetus

• (4) hormones that stimulate placenta formation in the male

The diagram below represents an important biological technique scientists rely on to produce replacement hormones.

Which two processes are required for the technique to successfully produce hormones?

• (1) replication of DNA in bacterial cells and cell division

• (2) replication of DNA in bacterial cells and gamete formation

• (3) meiosis and development

• (4)

  mitosis and fertilization

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The diagram below summarizes some of the steps in the development of humans.

All the genetic information needed for the organism to develop is first present at

• (1)

  A

• (2)

  B

• (3) C

• (4) D

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Five different living organisms are represented below.

Which statement about the organisms represented above is correct?

• (1) All of the organisms are autotrophs.

• (2) Only the flowering plant, green heron, and aquatic plant carry out photosynthesis.

• (3) Only the frog and green heron can maintain homeostasis

• (4) All of the organisms pass on traits through reproduction

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Mistletoe is an evergreen shrub that can produce most of its own food. Often, mistletoe can be found living on trees and taking water and nutrients away from the tissues of the trees.

The relationship between mistletoe and trees is an example of

• (1) consumer/herbivore

• (2) predator/prey

• (3) scavenger/decomposer

• (4) parasite/host

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Rabbits are not native to Australia. They were imported by European settlers. In 1936, the myxoma virus was introduced into Australia as a means of biological control to infect and reduce the rabbit population. This method of controlling the rabbit population was an attempt to

• (1) stop the overpopulation of a native species

• (2) stop the overproduction of an introduced species

• (3) limit the food sources of the rabbit

• (4) limit the number of rabbits brought into the country

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The major role of carbohydrates in the human diet is to

• (1) form the membranes that surround

  mitochondria

• (2) act as a catalyst for cellular reactions

• (3) supply energy for the body

• (4)

  provide building blocks for amino acids

Throughout New York State, some farmers have switched from growing a variety of vegetable crops to growing a single crop, such as corn. Other farmers are concerned that such a practice will make it more likely that an entire crop could be lost to disease or infestation by an insect pest. This is a valid concern because this practice

• (1) reduces the biodiversity of their fields

• (2) increases the number of decomposers in their fields

• (3) decreases the need to import food

• (4) increases the number of invasive species

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The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual’s

• (1) cellular organization

• (2) nutrition

• (3) inheritance

• (4) metabolic activity

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