The Cell Cycle

Humans begin as one cell called a zygote, but when babies are born they contain billions of cells and a full grown adult contains trillions of cells. This demonstrates which of the following?

• Mitosis prevents babies from being born with too many cells

• Cell division is a primary factor in the growth of living things

• Mutations allow adult humans to contain more cells than other organisms

• Humans are the result of uncontrolled cellular division

The process of mitosis and cellular division allows multicellular organisms to do which of the following?

• Metabolize nutrients

• perform photosynthesis

• grow larger

• repair mutations

Most of the life cycle of a cell is spent in interphase. Interphase contains three stages, including the G₁ and G₂ stages. Which of the following occurs during these gap stages?

• separation of chromosomes

• cellular growth

• DNA replication

• viral transformation

During interphase, the DNA is replicated to create two complete sets of DNA. The DNA is copied during which stage of the cell cycle?

• G₁

• S

• G₂

• M

DNA can be replicated, the DNA must separate –

• between the phosphate groups

• behind the deoxyribose sugars

• from the sugar-phosphate backbone

• between the nitrogen bases

The process of DNA replication is directed by DNA polymerase molecules. DNA polymerase would best be classified as which of the following?

• fatty acid

• enzyme

• nucleic acid

• monosaccharide

DNA replication occurs inside which of the following organelles?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• Golgi body

• endoplasmic reticulum

When DNA replication is complete, each set of identical DNA contains one of the cell’s original strands of DNA paired with a newly constructed strand of DNA. This method of DNA replication is referred to as –

• facilitated copying

• semi-conservative

• trasformational

• gene splicing

If a human has 46 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each body cell after mitosis?

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 0

The final stage of cellular division involves the separation of the two nuclei along with the cytoplasm into two new daughter cells. This process is known as –

• cytokinesis

• respiration

• meiosis

• active transport

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4