APUSH: Chapter 1-2

Which statement characterizes the political transformation associated with the Renaissance?

• Monarchs formed alliances with wealthy merchants and urban artisans.

• Peasants moved to urban areas and participated in politics.

• Urban bankers and merchants allied against monarchs.

• The landed nobility gained power from the trade of commodities.

Which statement summarizes the historical impact of the crusaders?

• They liberated Jerusalem from Muslim occupation.

• They drove Muslim forces out of the Iberian Peninsula.

• Their religious warfare intensified Europe's Christian identity.

• Their liberation of Jerusalem prompted a new tolerance for Jews.

Why did the people of West Africa welcome European traders in the middle of the fifteenth century?

• They were hoping to evade the trade monopoly of the northern empires.

• They were eager to obtain European and American goods.

• They were hoping to enter the slave trade with the Americas.

• They hoped to enter the cattle trade that had made fortunes for Arab traders.

Why did the Aztecs practice human sacrifice?

• To ensure agricultural fertility and the daily return of the sun

• To eliminate subversive anarchists

• To intimidate neighboring peoples

• To abate the anger of the god, Tenochtitlán

Why did the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires enjoy great power in the centuries prior to 1500?

• Their armies gave them enormous military power

• They had enslaved most of the West African coastal kingdoms.

• They controlled the trans-Saharan trade.

• They had trading privileges with the Portuguese.

Why were Hernán Cortés and his fellow conquistadors able to defeat Moctezuma's army?

• The Spaniards deliberately employed deadly European diseases

• The Aztecs were already engaged in a brutal civil war with each other

• The Europeans had an invisible ally—disease.

• Moctezuma was a popular leader but a terrible general.

The first people to live in the Western Hemisphere migrated to the Americas beginning about fifteen thousand years ago. How did they reach the Western Hemisphere?

• By canoeing from islands in the South Pacific

• By crossing a 100-mile-wide land bridge between Siberia and Alaska

• By sailing across the Atlantic from Western Europe

• By sailing across the Atlantic from western Africa

Which statement describes religious practices in Africa prior to the sixteenth century?

• Africans in the southeast of the continent were predominantly Muslim

• Africans along with western coast had converted to Christianity.

• People in East Africa tended to practice a form of Buddhism

• Most West Africans believed in the presence of multiple gods

Which statement characterizes traditional slavery in Africa?

• It was universally abhorred as inhuman and cruel

• Africans enslaved only people they considered racially inferior.

• Slaves were a key commodity of exchange.

• Slaves were treated like family members.

What made regional trade networks possible among northern Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans?

• Infrastructure

• A pan-Indian currency

• Specialized economies

• Agricultural economies